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WIP Add MIR argument for #[track_caller] (RFC 2091 3/N) #65258

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@anp anp commented Oct 10, 2019

Making this work requires making core::panic::Location a lang item, which is the first commit on this branch (prior are from the depended-on PR).

Depends on: #65182
Tracking issue: #47809
RFC text

TODO:

  • add a location parameter to MIR of #[track_caller] in rustc_mir::build (reference existing implicit arguments work if needed)
  • fix ty::Instance::fn_sig to contain the new type
    • note to self: check on by-val vs. by-ref for this arg used &'static per @eddyb
  • add a "dummy" location parameter to calls from ReifyShim (see other shims for generating things in shims, ask @eddyb if fighting consteval)
  • pass the "correct" location parameter to the function in all calls to ty::Instance::resolve
  • wire up intrinsic::caller_location in MIR construction (reference move_val_init intrinsic)
  • test it can't be called from non-caller-tracked functions (reference other intrinsics for how to type-check)
  • make sure MIR inlining uses resolve, "change the ty::Instance::resolve callsite there"
  • test that directly nested #[track_caller]s pass the same callsite
  • test that indirectly nested #[track_caller]s pass distinct callsites
  • check that all rfc-2091 tests are un-ice'd

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@rust-highfive rust-highfive added the S-waiting-on-review Status: Awaiting review from the assignee but also interested parties. label Oct 10, 2019
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@Centril Centril added the F-track_caller `#![feature(track_caller)]` label Oct 10, 2019
@anp anp force-pushed the mir-location-param branch 4 times, most recently from bbe7dd2 to 6bc613c Compare October 13, 2019 04:12
For #[track_caller], passing Location as an implicit argument makes it
effectively part of the ABI, and type lookup for it must be done for
many functions without imports in the file or modifications to the
prelude.
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anp commented Oct 20, 2019

Discussed with @eddyb and going to try splitting this up and a slightly different approach.

@anp anp closed this Oct 20, 2019
@anp anp deleted the mir-location-param branch October 20, 2019 15:18
@anp anp mentioned this pull request May 21, 2020
Manishearth added a commit to Manishearth/rust that referenced this pull request Jun 30, 2020
Stabilize `#[track_caller]`.

# Stabilization Report

RFC: [2091]
Tracking issue: rust-lang#47809

## Summary

From the [rustc-dev-guide chapter][dev-guide]:

> Take this example program:

```rust
fn main() {
    let foo: Option<()> = None;
    foo.unwrap(); // this should produce a useful panic message!
}
```

> Prior to Rust 1.42, panics like this `unwrap()` printed a location in libcore:

```
$ rustc +1.41.0 example.rs; example.exe
thread 'main' panicked at 'called `Option::unwrap()` on a `None` value',...core\macros\mod.rs:15:40
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace.
```

> As of 1.42, we get a much more helpful message:

```
$ rustc +1.42.0 example.rs; example.exe
thread 'main' panicked at 'called `Option::unwrap()` on a `None` value', example.rs:3:5
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
```

> These error messages are achieved through a combination of changes to `panic!` internals to make use of `core::panic::Location::caller` and a number of `#[track_caller]` annotations in the standard library which propagate caller information.

The attribute adds an implicit caller location argument to the ABI of annotated functions, but does not affect the type or MIR of the function. We implement the feature entirely in codegen and in the const evaluator.

## Bottom Line

This PR stabilizes the use of `#[track_caller]` everywhere, including traits and extern blocks. It also stabilizes `core::panic::Location::caller`, although the use of that function in a const context remains gated by `#![feature(const_caller_location)]`.

The implementation for the feature already changed the output of panic messages for a number of std functions, as described in the [1.42 release announcement]. The attribute's use in `Index` and `IndexMut` traits is visible to users since 1.44.

## Tests

All of the tests for this feature live under [src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller][tests] in the repo.

Noteworthy cases:

* [use of attr in std]
  * validates user-facing benefit of the feature
* [trait attribute inheritance]
  * covers subtle behavior designed during implementation and not RFC'd
* [const/codegen equivalence]
  * this was the result of a suspected edge case and investigation
* [diverging function support]
  * covers an unresolved question from the RFC
* [fn pointers and shims]
  * covers important potential sources of unsoundness

## Documentation

The rustc-dev-guide now has a chapter on [Implicit Caller Location][dev-guide].

I have an [open PR to the reference][attr-reference-pr] documenting the attribute.

The intrinsic's [wrapper] includes some examples as well.

## Implementation History

* 2019-10-02: [`#[track_caller]` feature gate (RFC 2091 1/N) rust-lang#65037](rust-lang#65037)
  * Picked up the patch that @ayosec had started on the feature gate.
* 2019-10-13: [Add `Instance::resolve_for_fn_ptr` (RFC 2091 rust-lang#2/N) rust-lang#65182](rust-lang#65182)
* 2019-10-20: ~~[WIP Add MIR argument for #[track_caller] (RFC 2091 3/N) rust-lang#65258](rust-lang#65258
  * Abandoned approach to send location as a MIR argument.
* 2019-10-28: [`std::panic::Location` is a lang_item, add `core::intrinsics::caller_location` (RFC 2091 3/N) rust-lang#65664](rust-lang#65664)
* 2019-12-07: [Implement #[track_caller] attribute. (RFC 2091 4/N) rust-lang#65881](rust-lang#65881)
* 2020-01-04: [libstd uses `core::panic::Location` where possible. rust-lang#67137](rust-lang#67137)
* 2020-01-08: [`Option::{expect,unwrap}` and `Result::{expect, expect_err, unwrap, unwrap_err}` have `#[track_caller]` rust-lang#67887](rust-lang#67887)
* 2020-01-20: [Fix #[track_caller] and function pointers rust-lang#68302](rust-lang#68302) (fixed rust-lang#68178)
* 2020-03-23: [#[track_caller] in traits rust-lang#69251](rust-lang#69251)
* 2020-03-24: [#[track_caller] on core::ops::{Index, IndexMut}. rust-lang#70234](rust-lang#70234)
* 2020-04-08 [Support `#[track_caller]` on functions in `extern "Rust" { ... }` rust-lang#70916](rust-lang#70916)

## Unresolveds

### From the RFC

> Currently the RFC simply prohibit applying #[track_caller] to trait methods as a future-proofing
> measure.

**Resolved.** See the dev-guide documentation and the tests section above.

> Diverging functions should be supported.

**Resolved.** See the tests section above.

> The closure foo::{{closure}} should inherit most attributes applied to the function foo, ...

**Resolved.** This unknown was related to specifics of the implementation which were made irrelevant by the final implementation.

### Binary Size

I [instrumented track_caller to use custom sections][measure-size] in a local build and discovered relatively minor binary size usage for the feature overall. I'm leaving the issue open to discuss whether we want to upstream custom section support.

There's an [open issue to discuss mitigation strategies][mitigate-size]. Some decisions remain about the "right" strategies to reduce size without overly constraining the compiler implementation. I'd be excited to see someone carry that work forward but my opinion is that we shouldn't block stabilization on implementing compiler flags for redaction.

### Specialization

There's an [open issue][specialization] on the semantics of the attribute in specialization chains. I'm inclined to move forward with stabilization without an exact resolution here given that specialization is itself unstable, but I also think it should be an easy question to resolve.

### Location only points to the start of a call span

rust-lang#69977 was resolved by rust-lang#73182, and the next step should probably be to [extend `Location` with a notion of the end of a call](rust-lang#73554).

### Regression of std's panic messages

rust-lang#70963 should be resolved by serializing span hygeine to crate metadata: rust-lang#68686.

[2091]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/2091-inline-semantic.md
[dev-guide]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/codegen/implicit-caller-location.html
[specialization]: rust-lang#70293
[measure-size]: rust-lang#70579
[mitigate-size]: rust-lang#70580
[attr-reference-pr]: rust-lang/reference#742
[wrapper]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/panic/struct.Location.html#method.caller
[tests]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/tree/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller
[const/codegen equivalence]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/caller-location-fnptr-rt-ctfe-equiv.rs
[diverging function support]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/diverging-caller-location.rs
[use of attr in std]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/std-panic-locations.rs
[fn pointers and shims]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/tracked-fn-ptr-with-arg.rs
[trait attribute inheritance]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/tracked-trait-impls.rs
[1.42 release announcement]: https://blog.rust-lang.org/2020/03/12/Rust-1.42.html#useful-line-numbers-in-option-and-result-panic-messages
Manishearth added a commit to Manishearth/rust that referenced this pull request Jun 30, 2020
Stabilize `#[track_caller]`.

# Stabilization Report

RFC: [2091]
Tracking issue: rust-lang#47809

## Summary

From the [rustc-dev-guide chapter][dev-guide]:

> Take this example program:

```rust
fn main() {
    let foo: Option<()> = None;
    foo.unwrap(); // this should produce a useful panic message!
}
```

> Prior to Rust 1.42, panics like this `unwrap()` printed a location in libcore:

```
$ rustc +1.41.0 example.rs; example.exe
thread 'main' panicked at 'called `Option::unwrap()` on a `None` value',...core\macros\mod.rs:15:40
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace.
```

> As of 1.42, we get a much more helpful message:

```
$ rustc +1.42.0 example.rs; example.exe
thread 'main' panicked at 'called `Option::unwrap()` on a `None` value', example.rs:3:5
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
```

> These error messages are achieved through a combination of changes to `panic!` internals to make use of `core::panic::Location::caller` and a number of `#[track_caller]` annotations in the standard library which propagate caller information.

The attribute adds an implicit caller location argument to the ABI of annotated functions, but does not affect the type or MIR of the function. We implement the feature entirely in codegen and in the const evaluator.

## Bottom Line

This PR stabilizes the use of `#[track_caller]` everywhere, including traits and extern blocks. It also stabilizes `core::panic::Location::caller`, although the use of that function in a const context remains gated by `#![feature(const_caller_location)]`.

The implementation for the feature already changed the output of panic messages for a number of std functions, as described in the [1.42 release announcement]. The attribute's use in `Index` and `IndexMut` traits is visible to users since 1.44.

## Tests

All of the tests for this feature live under [src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller][tests] in the repo.

Noteworthy cases:

* [use of attr in std]
  * validates user-facing benefit of the feature
* [trait attribute inheritance]
  * covers subtle behavior designed during implementation and not RFC'd
* [const/codegen equivalence]
  * this was the result of a suspected edge case and investigation
* [diverging function support]
  * covers an unresolved question from the RFC
* [fn pointers and shims]
  * covers important potential sources of unsoundness

## Documentation

The rustc-dev-guide now has a chapter on [Implicit Caller Location][dev-guide].

I have an [open PR to the reference][attr-reference-pr] documenting the attribute.

The intrinsic's [wrapper] includes some examples as well.

## Implementation History

* 2019-10-02: [`#[track_caller]` feature gate (RFC 2091 1/N) rust-lang#65037](rust-lang#65037)
  * Picked up the patch that @ayosec had started on the feature gate.
* 2019-10-13: [Add `Instance::resolve_for_fn_ptr` (RFC 2091 rust-lang#2/N) rust-lang#65182](rust-lang#65182)
* 2019-10-20: ~~[WIP Add MIR argument for #[track_caller] (RFC 2091 3/N) rust-lang#65258](rust-lang#65258
  * Abandoned approach to send location as a MIR argument.
* 2019-10-28: [`std::panic::Location` is a lang_item, add `core::intrinsics::caller_location` (RFC 2091 3/N) rust-lang#65664](rust-lang#65664)
* 2019-12-07: [Implement #[track_caller] attribute. (RFC 2091 4/N) rust-lang#65881](rust-lang#65881)
* 2020-01-04: [libstd uses `core::panic::Location` where possible. rust-lang#67137](rust-lang#67137)
* 2020-01-08: [`Option::{expect,unwrap}` and `Result::{expect, expect_err, unwrap, unwrap_err}` have `#[track_caller]` rust-lang#67887](rust-lang#67887)
* 2020-01-20: [Fix #[track_caller] and function pointers rust-lang#68302](rust-lang#68302) (fixed rust-lang#68178)
* 2020-03-23: [#[track_caller] in traits rust-lang#69251](rust-lang#69251)
* 2020-03-24: [#[track_caller] on core::ops::{Index, IndexMut}. rust-lang#70234](rust-lang#70234)
* 2020-04-08 [Support `#[track_caller]` on functions in `extern "Rust" { ... }` rust-lang#70916](rust-lang#70916)

## Unresolveds

### From the RFC

> Currently the RFC simply prohibit applying #[track_caller] to trait methods as a future-proofing
> measure.

**Resolved.** See the dev-guide documentation and the tests section above.

> Diverging functions should be supported.

**Resolved.** See the tests section above.

> The closure foo::{{closure}} should inherit most attributes applied to the function foo, ...

**Resolved.** This unknown was related to specifics of the implementation which were made irrelevant by the final implementation.

### Binary Size

I [instrumented track_caller to use custom sections][measure-size] in a local build and discovered relatively minor binary size usage for the feature overall. I'm leaving the issue open to discuss whether we want to upstream custom section support.

There's an [open issue to discuss mitigation strategies][mitigate-size]. Some decisions remain about the "right" strategies to reduce size without overly constraining the compiler implementation. I'd be excited to see someone carry that work forward but my opinion is that we shouldn't block stabilization on implementing compiler flags for redaction.

### Specialization

There's an [open issue][specialization] on the semantics of the attribute in specialization chains. I'm inclined to move forward with stabilization without an exact resolution here given that specialization is itself unstable, but I also think it should be an easy question to resolve.

### Location only points to the start of a call span

rust-lang#69977 was resolved by rust-lang#73182, and the next step should probably be to [extend `Location` with a notion of the end of a call](rust-lang#73554).

### Regression of std's panic messages

rust-lang#70963 should be resolved by serializing span hygeine to crate metadata: rust-lang#68686.

[2091]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/2091-inline-semantic.md
[dev-guide]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/codegen/implicit-caller-location.html
[specialization]: rust-lang#70293
[measure-size]: rust-lang#70579
[mitigate-size]: rust-lang#70580
[attr-reference-pr]: rust-lang/reference#742
[wrapper]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/panic/struct.Location.html#method.caller
[tests]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/tree/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller
[const/codegen equivalence]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/caller-location-fnptr-rt-ctfe-equiv.rs
[diverging function support]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/diverging-caller-location.rs
[use of attr in std]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/std-panic-locations.rs
[fn pointers and shims]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/tracked-fn-ptr-with-arg.rs
[trait attribute inheritance]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/tracked-trait-impls.rs
[1.42 release announcement]: https://blog.rust-lang.org/2020/03/12/Rust-1.42.html#useful-line-numbers-in-option-and-result-panic-messages
Manishearth added a commit to Manishearth/rust that referenced this pull request Jul 1, 2020
Stabilize `#[track_caller]`.

# Stabilization Report

RFC: [2091]
Tracking issue: rust-lang#47809

## Summary

From the [rustc-dev-guide chapter][dev-guide]:

> Take this example program:

```rust
fn main() {
    let foo: Option<()> = None;
    foo.unwrap(); // this should produce a useful panic message!
}
```

> Prior to Rust 1.42, panics like this `unwrap()` printed a location in libcore:

```
$ rustc +1.41.0 example.rs; example.exe
thread 'main' panicked at 'called `Option::unwrap()` on a `None` value',...core\macros\mod.rs:15:40
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace.
```

> As of 1.42, we get a much more helpful message:

```
$ rustc +1.42.0 example.rs; example.exe
thread 'main' panicked at 'called `Option::unwrap()` on a `None` value', example.rs:3:5
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
```

> These error messages are achieved through a combination of changes to `panic!` internals to make use of `core::panic::Location::caller` and a number of `#[track_caller]` annotations in the standard library which propagate caller information.

The attribute adds an implicit caller location argument to the ABI of annotated functions, but does not affect the type or MIR of the function. We implement the feature entirely in codegen and in the const evaluator.

## Bottom Line

This PR stabilizes the use of `#[track_caller]` everywhere, including traits and extern blocks. It also stabilizes `core::panic::Location::caller`, although the use of that function in a const context remains gated by `#![feature(const_caller_location)]`.

The implementation for the feature already changed the output of panic messages for a number of std functions, as described in the [1.42 release announcement]. The attribute's use in `Index` and `IndexMut` traits is visible to users since 1.44.

## Tests

All of the tests for this feature live under [src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller][tests] in the repo.

Noteworthy cases:

* [use of attr in std]
  * validates user-facing benefit of the feature
* [trait attribute inheritance]
  * covers subtle behavior designed during implementation and not RFC'd
* [const/codegen equivalence]
  * this was the result of a suspected edge case and investigation
* [diverging function support]
  * covers an unresolved question from the RFC
* [fn pointers and shims]
  * covers important potential sources of unsoundness

## Documentation

The rustc-dev-guide now has a chapter on [Implicit Caller Location][dev-guide].

I have an [open PR to the reference][attr-reference-pr] documenting the attribute.

The intrinsic's [wrapper] includes some examples as well.

## Implementation History

* 2019-10-02: [`#[track_caller]` feature gate (RFC 2091 1/N) rust-lang#65037](rust-lang#65037)
  * Picked up the patch that @ayosec had started on the feature gate.
* 2019-10-13: [Add `Instance::resolve_for_fn_ptr` (RFC 2091 rust-lang#2/N) rust-lang#65182](rust-lang#65182)
* 2019-10-20: ~~[WIP Add MIR argument for #[track_caller] (RFC 2091 3/N) rust-lang#65258](rust-lang#65258
  * Abandoned approach to send location as a MIR argument.
* 2019-10-28: [`std::panic::Location` is a lang_item, add `core::intrinsics::caller_location` (RFC 2091 3/N) rust-lang#65664](rust-lang#65664)
* 2019-12-07: [Implement #[track_caller] attribute. (RFC 2091 4/N) rust-lang#65881](rust-lang#65881)
* 2020-01-04: [libstd uses `core::panic::Location` where possible. rust-lang#67137](rust-lang#67137)
* 2020-01-08: [`Option::{expect,unwrap}` and `Result::{expect, expect_err, unwrap, unwrap_err}` have `#[track_caller]` rust-lang#67887](rust-lang#67887)
* 2020-01-20: [Fix #[track_caller] and function pointers rust-lang#68302](rust-lang#68302) (fixed rust-lang#68178)
* 2020-03-23: [#[track_caller] in traits rust-lang#69251](rust-lang#69251)
* 2020-03-24: [#[track_caller] on core::ops::{Index, IndexMut}. rust-lang#70234](rust-lang#70234)
* 2020-04-08 [Support `#[track_caller]` on functions in `extern "Rust" { ... }` rust-lang#70916](rust-lang#70916)

## Unresolveds

### From the RFC

> Currently the RFC simply prohibit applying #[track_caller] to trait methods as a future-proofing
> measure.

**Resolved.** See the dev-guide documentation and the tests section above.

> Diverging functions should be supported.

**Resolved.** See the tests section above.

> The closure foo::{{closure}} should inherit most attributes applied to the function foo, ...

**Resolved.** This unknown was related to specifics of the implementation which were made irrelevant by the final implementation.

### Binary Size

I [instrumented track_caller to use custom sections][measure-size] in a local build and discovered relatively minor binary size usage for the feature overall. I'm leaving the issue open to discuss whether we want to upstream custom section support.

There's an [open issue to discuss mitigation strategies][mitigate-size]. Some decisions remain about the "right" strategies to reduce size without overly constraining the compiler implementation. I'd be excited to see someone carry that work forward but my opinion is that we shouldn't block stabilization on implementing compiler flags for redaction.

### Specialization

There's an [open issue][specialization] on the semantics of the attribute in specialization chains. I'm inclined to move forward with stabilization without an exact resolution here given that specialization is itself unstable, but I also think it should be an easy question to resolve.

### Location only points to the start of a call span

rust-lang#69977 was resolved by rust-lang#73182, and the next step should probably be to [extend `Location` with a notion of the end of a call](rust-lang#73554).

### Regression of std's panic messages

rust-lang#70963 should be resolved by serializing span hygeine to crate metadata: rust-lang#68686.

[2091]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/2091-inline-semantic.md
[dev-guide]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/codegen/implicit-caller-location.html
[specialization]: rust-lang#70293
[measure-size]: rust-lang#70579
[mitigate-size]: rust-lang#70580
[attr-reference-pr]: rust-lang/reference#742
[wrapper]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/panic/struct.Location.html#method.caller
[tests]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/tree/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller
[const/codegen equivalence]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/caller-location-fnptr-rt-ctfe-equiv.rs
[diverging function support]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/diverging-caller-location.rs
[use of attr in std]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/std-panic-locations.rs
[fn pointers and shims]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/tracked-fn-ptr-with-arg.rs
[trait attribute inheritance]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/tracked-trait-impls.rs
[1.42 release announcement]: https://blog.rust-lang.org/2020/03/12/Rust-1.42.html#useful-line-numbers-in-option-and-result-panic-messages
Manishearth added a commit to Manishearth/rust that referenced this pull request Jul 1, 2020
Stabilize `#[track_caller]`.

# Stabilization Report

RFC: [2091]
Tracking issue: rust-lang#47809

## Summary

From the [rustc-dev-guide chapter][dev-guide]:

> Take this example program:

```rust
fn main() {
    let foo: Option<()> = None;
    foo.unwrap(); // this should produce a useful panic message!
}
```

> Prior to Rust 1.42, panics like this `unwrap()` printed a location in libcore:

```
$ rustc +1.41.0 example.rs; example.exe
thread 'main' panicked at 'called `Option::unwrap()` on a `None` value',...core\macros\mod.rs:15:40
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace.
```

> As of 1.42, we get a much more helpful message:

```
$ rustc +1.42.0 example.rs; example.exe
thread 'main' panicked at 'called `Option::unwrap()` on a `None` value', example.rs:3:5
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
```

> These error messages are achieved through a combination of changes to `panic!` internals to make use of `core::panic::Location::caller` and a number of `#[track_caller]` annotations in the standard library which propagate caller information.

The attribute adds an implicit caller location argument to the ABI of annotated functions, but does not affect the type or MIR of the function. We implement the feature entirely in codegen and in the const evaluator.

## Bottom Line

This PR stabilizes the use of `#[track_caller]` everywhere, including traits and extern blocks. It also stabilizes `core::panic::Location::caller`, although the use of that function in a const context remains gated by `#![feature(const_caller_location)]`.

The implementation for the feature already changed the output of panic messages for a number of std functions, as described in the [1.42 release announcement]. The attribute's use in `Index` and `IndexMut` traits is visible to users since 1.44.

## Tests

All of the tests for this feature live under [src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller][tests] in the repo.

Noteworthy cases:

* [use of attr in std]
  * validates user-facing benefit of the feature
* [trait attribute inheritance]
  * covers subtle behavior designed during implementation and not RFC'd
* [const/codegen equivalence]
  * this was the result of a suspected edge case and investigation
* [diverging function support]
  * covers an unresolved question from the RFC
* [fn pointers and shims]
  * covers important potential sources of unsoundness

## Documentation

The rustc-dev-guide now has a chapter on [Implicit Caller Location][dev-guide].

I have an [open PR to the reference][attr-reference-pr] documenting the attribute.

The intrinsic's [wrapper] includes some examples as well.

## Implementation History

* 2019-10-02: [`#[track_caller]` feature gate (RFC 2091 1/N) rust-lang#65037](rust-lang#65037)
  * Picked up the patch that @ayosec had started on the feature gate.
* 2019-10-13: [Add `Instance::resolve_for_fn_ptr` (RFC 2091 rust-lang#2/N) rust-lang#65182](rust-lang#65182)
* 2019-10-20: ~~[WIP Add MIR argument for #[track_caller] (RFC 2091 3/N) rust-lang#65258](rust-lang#65258
  * Abandoned approach to send location as a MIR argument.
* 2019-10-28: [`std::panic::Location` is a lang_item, add `core::intrinsics::caller_location` (RFC 2091 3/N) rust-lang#65664](rust-lang#65664)
* 2019-12-07: [Implement #[track_caller] attribute. (RFC 2091 4/N) rust-lang#65881](rust-lang#65881)
* 2020-01-04: [libstd uses `core::panic::Location` where possible. rust-lang#67137](rust-lang#67137)
* 2020-01-08: [`Option::{expect,unwrap}` and `Result::{expect, expect_err, unwrap, unwrap_err}` have `#[track_caller]` rust-lang#67887](rust-lang#67887)
* 2020-01-20: [Fix #[track_caller] and function pointers rust-lang#68302](rust-lang#68302) (fixed rust-lang#68178)
* 2020-03-23: [#[track_caller] in traits rust-lang#69251](rust-lang#69251)
* 2020-03-24: [#[track_caller] on core::ops::{Index, IndexMut}. rust-lang#70234](rust-lang#70234)
* 2020-04-08 [Support `#[track_caller]` on functions in `extern "Rust" { ... }` rust-lang#70916](rust-lang#70916)

## Unresolveds

### From the RFC

> Currently the RFC simply prohibit applying #[track_caller] to trait methods as a future-proofing
> measure.

**Resolved.** See the dev-guide documentation and the tests section above.

> Diverging functions should be supported.

**Resolved.** See the tests section above.

> The closure foo::{{closure}} should inherit most attributes applied to the function foo, ...

**Resolved.** This unknown was related to specifics of the implementation which were made irrelevant by the final implementation.

### Binary Size

I [instrumented track_caller to use custom sections][measure-size] in a local build and discovered relatively minor binary size usage for the feature overall. I'm leaving the issue open to discuss whether we want to upstream custom section support.

There's an [open issue to discuss mitigation strategies][mitigate-size]. Some decisions remain about the "right" strategies to reduce size without overly constraining the compiler implementation. I'd be excited to see someone carry that work forward but my opinion is that we shouldn't block stabilization on implementing compiler flags for redaction.

### Specialization

There's an [open issue][specialization] on the semantics of the attribute in specialization chains. I'm inclined to move forward with stabilization without an exact resolution here given that specialization is itself unstable, but I also think it should be an easy question to resolve.

### Location only points to the start of a call span

rust-lang#69977 was resolved by rust-lang#73182, and the next step should probably be to [extend `Location` with a notion of the end of a call](rust-lang#73554).

### Regression of std's panic messages

rust-lang#70963 should be resolved by serializing span hygeine to crate metadata: rust-lang#68686.

[2091]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/2091-inline-semantic.md
[dev-guide]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/codegen/implicit-caller-location.html
[specialization]: rust-lang#70293
[measure-size]: rust-lang#70579
[mitigate-size]: rust-lang#70580
[attr-reference-pr]: rust-lang/reference#742
[wrapper]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/panic/struct.Location.html#method.caller
[tests]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/tree/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller
[const/codegen equivalence]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/caller-location-fnptr-rt-ctfe-equiv.rs
[diverging function support]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/diverging-caller-location.rs
[use of attr in std]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/std-panic-locations.rs
[fn pointers and shims]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/tracked-fn-ptr-with-arg.rs
[trait attribute inheritance]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/tracked-trait-impls.rs
[1.42 release announcement]: https://blog.rust-lang.org/2020/03/12/Rust-1.42.html#useful-line-numbers-in-option-and-result-panic-messages
Manishearth added a commit to Manishearth/rust that referenced this pull request Jul 1, 2020
Stabilize `#[track_caller]`.

# Stabilization Report

RFC: [2091]
Tracking issue: rust-lang#47809

## Summary

From the [rustc-dev-guide chapter][dev-guide]:

> Take this example program:

```rust
fn main() {
    let foo: Option<()> = None;
    foo.unwrap(); // this should produce a useful panic message!
}
```

> Prior to Rust 1.42, panics like this `unwrap()` printed a location in libcore:

```
$ rustc +1.41.0 example.rs; example.exe
thread 'main' panicked at 'called `Option::unwrap()` on a `None` value',...core\macros\mod.rs:15:40
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace.
```

> As of 1.42, we get a much more helpful message:

```
$ rustc +1.42.0 example.rs; example.exe
thread 'main' panicked at 'called `Option::unwrap()` on a `None` value', example.rs:3:5
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
```

> These error messages are achieved through a combination of changes to `panic!` internals to make use of `core::panic::Location::caller` and a number of `#[track_caller]` annotations in the standard library which propagate caller information.

The attribute adds an implicit caller location argument to the ABI of annotated functions, but does not affect the type or MIR of the function. We implement the feature entirely in codegen and in the const evaluator.

## Bottom Line

This PR stabilizes the use of `#[track_caller]` everywhere, including traits and extern blocks. It also stabilizes `core::panic::Location::caller`, although the use of that function in a const context remains gated by `#![feature(const_caller_location)]`.

The implementation for the feature already changed the output of panic messages for a number of std functions, as described in the [1.42 release announcement]. The attribute's use in `Index` and `IndexMut` traits is visible to users since 1.44.

## Tests

All of the tests for this feature live under [src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller][tests] in the repo.

Noteworthy cases:

* [use of attr in std]
  * validates user-facing benefit of the feature
* [trait attribute inheritance]
  * covers subtle behavior designed during implementation and not RFC'd
* [const/codegen equivalence]
  * this was the result of a suspected edge case and investigation
* [diverging function support]
  * covers an unresolved question from the RFC
* [fn pointers and shims]
  * covers important potential sources of unsoundness

## Documentation

The rustc-dev-guide now has a chapter on [Implicit Caller Location][dev-guide].

I have an [open PR to the reference][attr-reference-pr] documenting the attribute.

The intrinsic's [wrapper] includes some examples as well.

## Implementation History

* 2019-10-02: [`#[track_caller]` feature gate (RFC 2091 1/N) rust-lang#65037](rust-lang#65037)
  * Picked up the patch that @ayosec had started on the feature gate.
* 2019-10-13: [Add `Instance::resolve_for_fn_ptr` (RFC 2091 rust-lang#2/N) rust-lang#65182](rust-lang#65182)
* 2019-10-20: ~~[WIP Add MIR argument for #[track_caller] (RFC 2091 3/N) rust-lang#65258](rust-lang#65258
  * Abandoned approach to send location as a MIR argument.
* 2019-10-28: [`std::panic::Location` is a lang_item, add `core::intrinsics::caller_location` (RFC 2091 3/N) rust-lang#65664](rust-lang#65664)
* 2019-12-07: [Implement #[track_caller] attribute. (RFC 2091 4/N) rust-lang#65881](rust-lang#65881)
* 2020-01-04: [libstd uses `core::panic::Location` where possible. rust-lang#67137](rust-lang#67137)
* 2020-01-08: [`Option::{expect,unwrap}` and `Result::{expect, expect_err, unwrap, unwrap_err}` have `#[track_caller]` rust-lang#67887](rust-lang#67887)
* 2020-01-20: [Fix #[track_caller] and function pointers rust-lang#68302](rust-lang#68302) (fixed rust-lang#68178)
* 2020-03-23: [#[track_caller] in traits rust-lang#69251](rust-lang#69251)
* 2020-03-24: [#[track_caller] on core::ops::{Index, IndexMut}. rust-lang#70234](rust-lang#70234)
* 2020-04-08 [Support `#[track_caller]` on functions in `extern "Rust" { ... }` rust-lang#70916](rust-lang#70916)

## Unresolveds

### From the RFC

> Currently the RFC simply prohibit applying #[track_caller] to trait methods as a future-proofing
> measure.

**Resolved.** See the dev-guide documentation and the tests section above.

> Diverging functions should be supported.

**Resolved.** See the tests section above.

> The closure foo::{{closure}} should inherit most attributes applied to the function foo, ...

**Resolved.** This unknown was related to specifics of the implementation which were made irrelevant by the final implementation.

### Binary Size

I [instrumented track_caller to use custom sections][measure-size] in a local build and discovered relatively minor binary size usage for the feature overall. I'm leaving the issue open to discuss whether we want to upstream custom section support.

There's an [open issue to discuss mitigation strategies][mitigate-size]. Some decisions remain about the "right" strategies to reduce size without overly constraining the compiler implementation. I'd be excited to see someone carry that work forward but my opinion is that we shouldn't block stabilization on implementing compiler flags for redaction.

### Specialization

There's an [open issue][specialization] on the semantics of the attribute in specialization chains. I'm inclined to move forward with stabilization without an exact resolution here given that specialization is itself unstable, but I also think it should be an easy question to resolve.

### Location only points to the start of a call span

rust-lang#69977 was resolved by rust-lang#73182, and the next step should probably be to [extend `Location` with a notion of the end of a call](rust-lang#73554).

### Regression of std's panic messages

rust-lang#70963 should be resolved by serializing span hygeine to crate metadata: rust-lang#68686.

[2091]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/2091-inline-semantic.md
[dev-guide]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/codegen/implicit-caller-location.html
[specialization]: rust-lang#70293
[measure-size]: rust-lang#70579
[mitigate-size]: rust-lang#70580
[attr-reference-pr]: rust-lang/reference#742
[wrapper]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/panic/struct.Location.html#method.caller
[tests]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/tree/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller
[const/codegen equivalence]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/caller-location-fnptr-rt-ctfe-equiv.rs
[diverging function support]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/diverging-caller-location.rs
[use of attr in std]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/std-panic-locations.rs
[fn pointers and shims]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/tracked-fn-ptr-with-arg.rs
[trait attribute inheritance]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/rfc-2091-track-caller/tracked-trait-impls.rs
[1.42 release announcement]: https://blog.rust-lang.org/2020/03/12/Rust-1.42.html#useful-line-numbers-in-option-and-result-panic-messages
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