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Raspberry Pi
The original Raspberry Pi contained an ARMv6 CPU, 256 or 512 MB RAM, and Broadcom VideoCore IV graphics. The Raspberry Pi 2 contains a quart-core ARMv7 CPU, 1 GB of RAM, and the same graphics as the original Pi.
Both primarily run a modified version of the Debian Linux distribution named Raspbian that was made to run on the ARMv6 CPU (and higher).
On the Pi 2 it is also possible to run other unmodified Linux distributions, such as Debian or Fedora, since those settled on the ARMv7 architecture as their "baseline" for modern ARM support. Yet on those distributions you might not have the necessary kernel modules and graphics library to make full use of the Pi's peripherals. This page thus specifically talks about running Processing on Raspbian, on either the Pi or the Pi 2!
The Pi's graphics core exposes OpenGL ES 2.0, which is supported by Processing P2D and P3d renderer, thanks to specific enablement in the underlying library, JOGL. The graphics driver are built around a closed-source driver (found in /opt/vc), which limits our ability to troubleshoot bugs for the moment.
There is also an open source Mesa driver for the graphics core in development, which will implement full (desktop-level) OpenGL 2.0, but for the moment this is still work in progress.
Processing has a new Hardware I/O library that was extensively tested with the Pi.