Dependencies: Added support of numpy v2

[t20100]

Checklist:

• The PR title is formatted as: <Module or Topic>: <Action> <Summary> (see contributing guidelines)

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This PR prepares silx for support of numpy v2 by:

• Using np.rec instead of np.core.recarray
• Using cython fixed-size types instead of cimport numpy: This leaves the constraint of using numpy headers to build C extensions.
• Fixing incompatibilities spotted by ruff check --select NPY201

I've tested that cython extensions built with numpy v1 can be imported with numpy v2.
Full testing with numpy v2 is still needed.

I also raised the minimum supported version of numpy to the "oldest-supported-numpy" one on Python3.7.

Closes #4080

[t20100]

A few tests still fails with numpy v2:

FAILED build/lib.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.12/silx/gui/plot/tools/test/testScatterProfileToolBar.py::TestScatterProfileToolBar::testHorizontalProfile - AssertionError: None is not an instance of <class 'silx.gui.plot.tools.profile.core.CurveProfileData'>
FAILED build/lib.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.12/silx/gui/plot/tools/test/testScatterProfileToolBar.py::TestScatterProfileToolBar::testVerticalProfile - AssertionError: None is not an instance of <class 'silx.gui.plot.tools.profile.core.CurveProfileData'>
FAILED build/lib.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.12/silx/math/test/test_histogramnd_error.py::Test_chistogramnd_1D_errors::test_histo_shape - AssertionError: "Prov[48 chars]le with <n_bins> : should be (np.int64(10),) instead of (11,)." != "Prov...
FAILED build/lib.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.12/silx/math/test/test_histogramnd_error.py::Test_chistogramnd_1D_errors::test_weighted_histo_shape - AssertionError: "Prov[57 chars]le with <n_bins> : should be (np.int64(10),) instead of (11,)." != "Prov...
FAILED build/lib.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.12/silx/math/test/test_histogramnd_error.py::Test_chistogramnd_ND_errors::test_histo_shape - AssertionError: "Prov[73 chars] be (np.int64(10), np.int64(20), np.int64(30))[21 chars]30)." != "Prov[7...
FAILED build/lib.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.12/silx/math/test/test_histogramnd_error.py::Test_chistogramnd_ND_errors::test_weighted_histo_shape - AssertionError: "Prov[82 chars] be (np.int64(10), np.int64(20), np.int64(30))[21 chars]30)." != "Prov[8...
ERROR build/lib.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.12/silx/gui/plot/tools/test/testScatterProfileToolBar.py::TestScatterProfileToolBar::testHorizontalProfile - RuntimeError: Test ended with widgets alive: [<PyQt5.QtWidgets.QRadioButton object at 0x1248a6b10>, <si...
ERROR build/lib.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.12/silx/gui/plot/tools/test/testScatterProfileToolBar.py::TestScatterProfileToolBar::testVerticalProfile - RuntimeError: Test ended with widgets alive: [<PyQt5.QtWidgets.QLabel object at 0x132811ac0>, <PyQt5.Qt...

[t20100]

FAILED build/lib.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.12/silx/gui/plot/tools/test/testScatterProfileToolBar.py::TestScatterProfileToolBar::testHorizontalProfile - AssertionError: None is not an instance of <class 'silx.gui.plot.tools.profile.core.CurveProfileData'>
FAILED build/lib.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.12/silx/gui/plot/tools/test/testScatterProfileToolBar.py::TestScatterProfileToolBar::testVerticalProfile - AssertionError: None is not an instance of <class 'silx.gui.plot.tools.profile.core.CurveProfileData'>

Digging into those issues, leads to issue with matplotlib.tri.TriFinder which is most likely related to: matplotlib/matplotlib#27892 (comment)

[t20100]

The following issues are fixed by dd403ee:

FAILED build/lib.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.12/silx/math/test/test_histogramnd_error.py::Test_chistogramnd_1D_errors::test_histo_shape - AssertionError: "Prov[48 chars]le with <n_bins> : should be (np.int64(10),) instead of (11,)." != "Prov...
FAILED build/lib.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.12/silx/math/test/test_histogramnd_error.py::Test_chistogramnd_1D_errors::test_weighted_histo_shape - AssertionError: "Prov[57 chars]le with <n_bins> : should be (np.int64(10),) instead of (11,)." != "Prov...
FAILED build/lib.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.12/silx/math/test/test_histogramnd_error.py::Test_chistogramnd_ND_errors::test_histo_shape - AssertionError: "Prov[73 chars] be (np.int64(10), np.int64(20), np.int64(30))[21 chars]30)." != "Prov[7...
FAILED build/lib.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.12/silx/math/test/test_histogramnd_error.py::Test_chistogramnd_ND_errors::test_weighted_histo_shape - AssertionError: "Prov[82 chars] be (np.int64(10), np.int64(20), np.int64(30))[21 chars]30)." != "Prov[8...

[t20100]

Added changes to support:

• adapting-to-changes-in-the-copy-keyword
• changes-to-numpy-data-type-promotion
• changes-to-namespaces

With this PR tests passes with numpy2, except:

• Tests using OpenCL or scipy
• Tests relying on matplotlib Triangulator which has a known issue with numpy 2.

[t20100]

Changes are grouped by commit, so it should be simpler to review commits than the whole PR...

[t20100]

From what I tested, with this PR tests pass, except for https://github.com/silx-kit/silx/blob/main/src/silx/math/fft/test/test_fft.py which as mainy extra dependencies.

So ready for review.

What I haven't checked is the effect of changes to numpy data type promotion

[kif]

LGTM

[t20100]

Thanks for the review!