GIT COMMANDS

File Commands

Creating New Directory

mkdir command is used to create new dircetory

$ mkdir MyProj

This will create the MyProj in your working directory

Checking Current Directory

pwd command is used to check current directory

$ pwd
c\user\

Suppose You were in c:/user initially

Changing Directory

cd command is used to change directory to the directory present in the current directory

$ cd MyProj

Now current directory is MyProj, which can be checked by pwd

$ pwd
c\user\MyProj

Shifting Back to previous directory

cd .. command returns to the previous directory

$ cd ..
$ pwd
c\user\

cd ../.. command returns to two previous directory (if exist)

Creating New File

echo > abcd.xyz command creates a file named abcd with extension .xyz

$ echo > index.html

This will create and html file with name index

Creating new file with some data

echo "<data>" > abcd.xyz creates a file named abcd.xyz with some data in it.

$ echo "Hello World" > sample.txt

This will create a sample.txt file with "Hello World" or overwrite "Hello World" to it, if Sample.txt already exists

Reading File

cat command reads out the data of the file

$ cat sample.txt
Hello World

It preserves all white spaces on execution

Editing File in editor mode using git

vi and nano commands are used to open a editable file in a editor on git bash.

It doesn't require any other editor and is already in your git bash

1. vi command This command open files like .txt .html .cpp .py .java ... etc which can be edited in a editor.

• About The UNIX vi editor is a full screen editor and has two modes of operation:

1. Command mode commands which cause action to be taken on the file, and
2. Insert mode in which entered text is inserted into the file.

In the command mode, every character typed is a command that does something to the text file being edited; a character typed in the command mode may even cause the vi editor to enter the insert mode. In the insert mode, every character typed is added to the text in the file; pressing the (Escape) key turns off the Insert mode. In Simple words, command mode takes user command to perform operations on file and its data like copying, undoing, deleting etc. While insert mode is for typing data

• Opening File

vi sample.txt

This command will open the window for sample.txt like this :

• 

You can't type anything in this as currently your editor is in command mode.

• Insert Commands in vi type editor
  • i -> Write at cursor position
  • a -> Write after cursor position
  • A -> Write at the end of line
  • o -> Opens a new line
• Command Mode operations (file opens in command mode initially, press ESC key to get into command mode, if you are in insert mode)
  • Undoing data
    • u -> undo changed
    • U -> undo all changes in that line
  • Copy and pasting
    • p -> Paste all what you have copied on clipboard
    • yy -> Copies 1 line
    • 3yy -> Copies 3 lines
    • Nyy -> Copies N lines
  • Deleting Commands
    • D -> Delete contents of line after the cursor
    • dw -> Deletes single word
    • 5dw -> Deleted 4 words
    • Ndw -> Deletes N words
    • dd -> Deletes 1 line
    • 5dd -> Deletes 5 lines starting from cursor position
    • Ndd -> Deletes N lines starting from cursor position
  • Quitting vi editor
    • Shift + z + z -> Save and quit
    • :wq! -> Save and quit
    • :q! -> Quit without saving
  • For more commands go to this link Link1 or Link2

Deleting file or directory

rm <filename.extention> removes the file and rmdir <directort name> removes the directory

$ rm index.html

This removes the index.html file

$ rmdir MyProj2

This command will delete the MyProj2 folder in the working directory if present or it raises File Not Found Error

Note : If you try to remove directory using rm command , then it will raise error saying Can't delete <DIR_NAME>: Is a directory . However rm command can be used to delete directories using rm -r <DIR_NAME> command.

Renaming or Moving a file or directory

mv command is used to rename and move a file

syntax

1. mv <file1.extension> <file2.extension> : It changes the name of file1 to file2
2. mv <file1.extension> <DIR_NAME> : It moves file to directory, if it exists else name changes to dir name
3. mv <DIR1> <DIR2> : It renames the Directory1 to Directory2, provided there is no Directory with the same name as Directory2
4. mv <DIR1> <DIR2> : It moves the Directory1 to the Directory2, if it is already present in the main folder.

It can be said that mv A B changes A to B, if B is not already in the folder else moves A inside B. If A and B both are files then A's name is changed to B and original B is deleted (Point to be Noted).

Copying File

cp file1 destination command copies the file1 to destination

$ cp sample.txt MyProj2

You cant copy files to the same directory

Copying Directory

cp -r DIR_NAME destination command copies the directory to destination

$ cp MyProj2 MyProj3

You cant directory to the same directory

Copying All

cp -r . destination copies all the files and directories in the current directory to the destination folder

Note : The same folder will not be copied to itself.

Clearing Prompt/Terminal/Bash

clear command clear the screen and gives you a fresh screen

$ clear

Tip : Use above arrow button to access earlier typed commands.