This is a example how to use RxJava 2 and Retrolambda, also you can find how to make junit test with RxJava and retrolambda.
Java 8 introduced Lambdas Expressions, unfortunately Android does not support Java 8, so we are not able to take advantage of this with RxJava. Luckily there is a library called Retrolambda which backports lambdas to previous versions of Java. There is also a gradle plugin for Retrolambda that will allow the use of lambdas in an Android application.
In RxJava there are different elements:
Simple
1.BASIC(Observable)
2.ASYNCHRONOUS
3.SINGLES
4.SUBJECTS
5.MAP
6.DEBOUNCES
Complex
7.Flat Map
8.Concat Map
9.Retrofit with RxJava 2
A simple implementation of the Model-View-Presenter pattern with no architectural frameworks.
Each feature has:
- A contract defining the view and the presenter.
- An Activity which is responsible for the creation of fragments and presenters
- A Fragment which implements the view interface.
- A presenter which implements the presenter interface.
In general, the business logic lives in the presenter and relies on the view to do the Android UI work.
The view contains almost no logic: it converts the presenter's commands to UI actions and listens to user actions, which are passed to the presenter.
Contracts are interfaces used to define the connection between views and presenters.
The project is setup using:
- Butter Knife
- RxJava 2
- RxAndroid
- Retrolambda
- gradle plugin
- Retrofit
- GSON
- Guava (checking null)
- Mockito
- JUnit
This method creates an Observable such that when an Observer subscribes, the onNext() of the Observer is immediately called with the argument provided to Observable.just(). The onCompleted() will then be called since the Observable has no other values to emit:
Observable<List<String>> listObservable = Observable.just(getColorList());
listObservable.subscribe(new Observer<List<String>>() {
@Override
public void onCompleted() { }
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) { }
@Override
public void onNext(List<String> colors) {
mSimpleStringAdapter.setStrings(colors);
}
});with lambda:
Observable<List<String>> listObservable = Observable.just(getColorList());
listObservable.subscribe(
(List<String> colors)-> mSimpleStringAdapter.setStrings(colors),
(error) -> {},
() -> {});If we use it with Observable.just(), mRestClient.getFavoriteTvShows() will be evaluated immediately and block the UI thread. Enter the Observable.fromCallable() method. It gives us two important things: * The code for creating the emitted value is not run until someone subscribes to the Observer. * The creation code can be run on a different thread.
Observable<List<String>> tvShowObservable = Observable.fromCallable(new Callable<List<String>>() {
@Override
public List<String> call() {
return mRestClient.getFavoriteTvShows();
}
});
mTvShowSubscription = tvShowObservable
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.subscribe(
new Observer<List<String>>() {
@Override
public void onCompleted() {
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
}
@Override
public void onNext(List<String> tvShows) {
displayTvShows(tvShows);
}
});with lambda:
Observable<List<String>> tvShowObservable = Observable.fromCallable(() -> mRestClient.getFavoriteTvShows());
mTvShowSubscription = tvShowObservable
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.subscribe(
(List<String> tvShows) -> displayTvShows(tvShows),
(error) -> {},
() -> {});There’s a simpler version of an Observable called a Single. Singles work almost exactly the same as Observables. But instead of there being an onCompleted(), onNext(), and onError(), there are only two callbacks: * onSuccess() and onError().
Single<List<String>> tvShowSingle = Single.fromCallable(new Callable<List<String>>() {
@Override
public List<String> call() throws Exception {
mRestClient.getFavoriteTvShows();
}
});
mTvShowSubscription = tvShowSingle
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.subscribe(new SingleSubscriber<List<String>>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(List<String> tvShows) {
displayTvShows(tvShows);
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable error) {
displayErrorMessage();
}
}); with lambda:
Single<List<String>> tvShowSingle = Single.fromCallable(() -> mRestClient.getFavoriteTvShows());
mTvShowSubscription = tvShowSingle
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.subscribe((List<String> tvShows) -> displayTvShows(tvShows),
(Throwable error) -> displayErrorMessage());Subjects are special objects that are both an Observable and an Observer. With a PublishSubject, as soon as you put something in one end of the pipe it immediately comes out the other.
PublishSubject<Integer> mCounterEmitter = PublishSubject.create();
mCounterEmitter.subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() {
@Override
public void onCompleted() {
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
}
@Override
public void onNext(Integer integer) {
mCounterDisplay.setText(String.valueOf(integer));
}
});with lambda:
PublishSubject<Integer> mCounterEmitter = PublishSubject.create();
mCounterEmitter.subscribe(
(Integer integer) -> mCounterDisplay.setText(String.valueOf(integer)),
(Throwable e) ->{},
() -> { });It increments a variable called mCounter. It calls onNext() on the mCounterEmitter with the new value of mCounter.
mCounter ++;
mCounterEmitter.onNext(mCounter);It's a function that takes in one value and outputs another value. Usually there is some relationship between value put in to the map and the value that is output.
Single.just(4).map(new Func1<Integer, String>() {
@Override
public String call(Integer integer) {
return String.valueOf(integer);
}
}).subscribe(new SingleSubscriber<String>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(String value) {
mValueDisplay.setText(value);
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable error) { }
});with lambda:
Single.just(4).map((Integer integer) -> String.valueOf(integer))
.subscribe((String value) -> mValueDisplay.setText(value),
(Throwable error) -> {});Everything together and a new concept: debounce. Let’s dive in. If you want to setup a PublishSubject such that it receives values the user types into a search box, fetches a list of suggestions based on that query, and then displays them.
mSearchResultsSubject = PublishSubject.create();
mTextWatchSubscription = mSearchResultsSubject
.debounce(400, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.observeOn(Schedulers.io())
.map(new Func1<String, List<String>>() {
@Override
public List<String> call(String s) {
return mRestClient.searchForCity(s);
}
})
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.subscribe(new Observer<List<String>>() {
@Override
public void onCompleted() { }
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) { }
@Override
public void onNext(List<String> cities) {
handleSearchResults(cities);
}
});
});with lambda:
mSearchResultsSubject = PublishSubject.create();
mTextWatchSubscription = mSearchResultsSubject
.debounce(400, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.observeOn(Schedulers.io())
.map( (String string) -> mRestClient.searchForCity(string))
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.subscribe((List<String> cities) -> handleSearchResults(cities),
(Throwable e) -> {},
() -> {});We have an Observable emitting a set of Integers and we want to calculate the square of each of those values:
public class DataManager {
private final Executor jobExecutor;
public DataManager() {
this.numbers = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10));
jobExecutor = JobExecutor.getInstance();
}
public Observable<Integer> getNumbers() {
return Observable.from(numbers);
}
public List<Integer> getNumbersSync() {
return this.numbers;
}
public Observable<Integer> squareOfAsync(int number) {
return Observable.just(number * number).subscribeOn(Schedulers.from(jobExecutor));
}
}It's a operator that operate on the entire sequence of items emitted by an Observable, emit the emissions from two or more Observables without interleaving them
.concatMap(new Function<Integer, ObservableSource<Integer>>() {
@Override
public ObservableSource<Integer> apply(Integer integer) throws Exception {
return mDataManager.squareOfAsync(integer);
}
})with :: operator
.concatMap(mDataManager::squareOfAsync)The flatMap() method creates a new Observable by applying a function that you supply to each item emitted by the original Observable, where that function is itself an Observable that emits items, and then merges the results of that function applied to every item emitted by the original Observable, emitting these merged results.
.flatMap(new Function<Integer, ObservableSource<Integer>>() {
@Override
public ObservableSource<Integer> apply(Integer integer) throws Exception {
return mDataManager.squareOfAsync(integer);
}
})with :: operator
.flatMap(mDataManager::squareOfAsync)flatMap() uses merge operator while concatMap() uses concat operator meaning that the last one cares about the order of the elements
As the above only gives a rough overview of rxjava example I'd strongly recommend checking out the following:
- RXJava Documentation
- part 1 by Kurtis Nusbaum
- part 2 by Kurtis Nusbaum
- retrofit-rxjava by Kai
- concatMap() vs flatMap() by Fernando Cejas
- The Developer world is yours
- Android Studio
- Gradle
- Install Android Studio:
https://developer.android.com/sdk/installing/index.html
- Install gradle:
http://gradle.org/docs/current/userguide/installation.html
Compile with Android Studio and gradle
Feel free to contribute, and contact me for any issues.
- Javier González Cabezas - javiergonzalezcabezas@gmail.com
Copyright 2016 Javier González Cabezas
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.