docs: add C++ fpclassify() documentation

content/cpp/concepts/math-functions/terms/fpclassify/fpclassify.md

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+---
+Title: 'fpclassify()'
+Description: 'Classifies a floating-point value into categories such as zero, normal, subnormal, infinite, or NaN.'
+Subjects:
+  - 'Computer Science'
+  - 'Data Science'
+  - 'Game Development'
+Tags:
+  - 'Functions'
+  - 'Math'
+  - 'Classification'
+CatalogContent:
+  - 'learn-c-plus-plus'
+  - 'paths/computer-science'
+---
+
+The **`fpclassify()`** [function](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/cpp/functions) returns an integer value indicating the classification of a floating-point number. It categorizes values as normal, subnormal, zero, infinite, or NaN (Not-a-Number). The function is available through the `<cmath>` header.
+
+## Syntax
+
+```pseudo
+fpclassify(x)
+```
+
+**Parameters:**
+
+- `x`: A floating-point value (can be `float`, `double`, or `long double`).
+
+**Return value:**
+
+The `fpclassify()` function returns one of the following integer constants:
+
+- `FP_INFINITE`: The value is positive or negative infinity.
+- `FP_NAN`: The value is Not-a-Number.
+- `FP_ZERO`: The value is zero.
+- `FP_SUBNORMAL`: The value is a subnormal (denormalized) number.
+- `FP_NORMAL`: The value is a normal finite non-zero number.
+
+## Example
+
+The following example demonstrates various classifications using `fpclassify()`:
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cmath>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+  double normal = 1.5;
+  double zero = 0.0;
+  double inf = INFINITY;
+  double nan = NAN;
+
+  cout << "Classification of " << normal << ": ";
+  if (fpclassify(normal) == FP_NORMAL) {
+    cout << "Normal" << endl;
+  }
+
+  cout << "Classification of " << zero << ": ";
+  if (fpclassify(zero) == FP_ZERO) {
+    cout << "Zero" << endl;
+  }
+
+  cout << "Classification of inf: ";
+  if (fpclassify(inf) == FP_INFINITE) {
+    cout << "Infinite" << endl;
+  }
+
+  cout << "Classification of nan: ";
+  if (fpclassify(nan) == FP_NAN) {
+    cout << "NaN" << endl;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+```
+
+The output of this code is:
+
+```shell
+Classification of 1.5: Normal
+Classification of 0: Zero
+Classification of inf: Infinite
+Classification of nan: NaN
+```
+
+## Codebyte Example
+
+The following runnable example shows how to use `fpclassify()` with different values:
+
+```codebyte/cpp
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cmath>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+  double values[] = {1.0, 0.0, INFINITY, NAN, -5.5};
+
+  for (double val : values) {
+    cout << "fpclassify(" << val << ") = ";
+
+    switch(fpclassify(val)) {
+      case FP_INFINITE:
+        cout << "Infinite";
+        break;
+      case FP_NAN:
+        cout << "NaN";
+        break;
+      case FP_ZERO:
+        cout << "Zero";
+        break;
+      case FP_SUBNORMAL:
+        cout << "Subnormal";
+        break;
+      case FP_NORMAL:
+        cout << "Normal";
+        break;
+    }
+    cout << endl;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+```