Pi-Arduino-ESP32-Motor-Driver-Layout

Comprehensive wiring layout and connection guide for Raspberry Pi 4 → Arduino Uno → ESP32 → L298N Motor Driver → Motors/Servos

Purpose

This project documents the complete wiring and connection layout for a multi-controller motor driver setup using Raspberry Pi 4, Arduino Uno, ESP32, and L298N Motor Driver modules to control motors and servos. It serves as a reference for prototype assembly and troubleshooting.

Hardware Connections

• Raspberry Pi 4 GPIO:
  • Controls digital/serial output to Arduino Uno/ESP32
  • Power: 5V (red), GND (black)
  • GPIO (data): Yellow/White
• Arduino Uno:
  • Receives signal from Pi GPIOs (serial, I2C/SPI as configured)
  • Outputs PWM, digital controls to L298N
  • Serial connections to ESP32 (TX/RX)
  • Power: 5V via Pi or USB (red), GND (black)
• ESP32:
  • Connected to Arduino via hardware serial (TX/RX)
  • Controls additional logic or wireless bridge
  • Power from Arduino 5V pin or separate supply
  • GPIO for control logic if used
• L298N Motor Driver:
  • Input pins: From Arduino/ESP32 PWM/Digital
  • Outputs: Connected to Motors/Servos
  • Power: Motor voltage supply (red, from battery/adapter), logic GND (black)
  • Control signal wires (blue/green)
• Motors/Servos:
  • Power: Direct from L298N outputs
  • Ground: Connected to L298N and common GND

Color Coding Legend

• Red: Power (+5V/+V Motor)
• Black: Ground (GND)
• Yellow/White: Data (GPIO, Serial)
• Blue/Green: Control signals (PWM, ENA/INx pins)

Pin Details

• Raspberry Pi:
  • GPIO 14 (TX), GPIO 15 (RX): Serial to Arduino
  • GPIO 2, 3: I2C
• Arduino Uno:
  • Digital 10, 11, 12, 13: PWM outputs to L298N
  • RX/TX: Serial with ESP32
• ESP32:
  • GPIO 16, 17: Serial with Arduino
  • GPIO 23, 22: Additional control channels
• L298N:
  • IN1/IN2/IN3/IN4: Connected to Arduino digital pins
  • ENA/ENB: Connected to Arduino PWM pins

Power Plan

• Power all logic boards (Pi, Arduino, ESP32) from stable 5V supply
• L298N Motor V+ powered by separate battery/adapter for motors
• Grounds for all boards and driver must be connected (single reference ground)

Summary Wiring Map

[Pi 4 GPIO]
 |___(TX/RX/I2C/PWM)___[Arduino Uno]___(Serial/PWM)___[ESP32]
                                      |        |
                                 [PWM/INx]   [Serial/Data]
                                      |        |
                                  [L298N Motor Driver]
                                      |
                                 [Motors/Servos]

Refer to individual datasheets for specific voltage requirements and pin assignments. Do not connect motor power directly to logic devices.