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SwiftDb - High-performance MySQL database layer with bulk operations (INSERT, UPSERT), entity pattern with dirty tracking, fluent query builder, optimistic locking, and master/slave support. Zero abstraction overhead. PHP 8.3+.

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MethorZ/swift-db

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MethorZ SwiftDb

High-performance MySQL database layer with bulk operations, built on PDO.

Features

  • High Performance: Direct PDO with no abstraction overhead
  • Bulk Operations: Multi-row INSERT, INSERT...ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
  • Entity Pattern: Clean entity classes with dirty tracking
  • Repository Pattern: Type-safe repositories with query builder
  • MySQL Optimized: Designed specifically for MySQL
  • Deadlock Handling: Automatic retry with exponential backoff
  • Connection Management: Master/slave support, reconnection handling
  • Query Logging: Built-in debugging and monitoring

Installation

composer require methorz/swift-db

Quick Start

Configuration

// config/autoload/database.global.php
return [
    'database' => [
        'connections' => [
            'default' => [
                'dsn' => 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=myapp;charset=utf8mb4',
                'username' => 'root',
                'password' => '',
            ],
            'replica' => [
                'dsn' => 'mysql:host=replica;dbname=myapp;charset=utf8mb4',
                'username' => 'readonly',
                'password' => '',
            ],
        ],
        'default' => 'default',
        'read_from' => 'replica',  // Optional: route reads to replica
        'write_to' => 'default',   // Optional: route writes to master
        'cache_dir' => 'data/cache/database',  // Optional: for reflection cache
    ],
];

Define an Entity

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Domain\Entity;

use MethorZ\SwiftDb\Entity\AbstractEntity;
use MethorZ\SwiftDb\Trait\TimestampsTrait;
use MethorZ\SwiftDb\Trait\UuidTrait;
use DateTimeImmutable;

class Product extends AbstractEntity
{
    use TimestampsTrait;
    use UuidTrait;

    public ?int $id = null;
    public string $name = '';
    public float $price = 0.0;
    public int $stock = 0;

    public static function getTableName(): string
    {
        return 'product';
    }

    public function getColumnMapping(): array
    {
        return [
            'id' => 'product_id',
            'name' => 'product_name',
            'price' => 'product_price',
            'stock' => 'product_stock',
            ...$this->getTimestampMapping(),
            ...$this->getUuidMapping(),
        ];
    }
}

Define a Repository

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Infrastructure\Repository;

use App\Domain\Entity\Product;
use MethorZ\SwiftDb\Repository\AbstractRepository;

/**
 * @extends AbstractRepository<Product>
 */
class ProductRepository extends AbstractRepository
{
    public function getTableName(): string
    {
        return 'product';
    }

    public function getEntityClass(): string
    {
        return Product::class;
    }

    /**
     * Find products by category with price range
     *
     * @return array<Product>
     */
    public function findByCategory(int $categoryId, float $minPrice, float $maxPrice): array
    {
        $rows = $this->query()
            ->where('product_category_id', $categoryId)
            ->whereBetween('product_price', $minPrice, $maxPrice)
            ->orderBy('product_price', 'ASC')
            ->get();

        return array_map(fn (array $row) => $this->hydrateEntity($row), $rows);
    }
}

Basic Usage

// Get repository from container
$repository = $container->get(ProductRepository::class);

// Create and save
$product = $repository->create();
$product->name = 'Widget';
$product->price = 29.99;
$product->stock = 100;
$repository->save($product);

// Find
$product = $repository->find(1);
$product = $repository->findOrFail(1);  // Throws if not found

// Update
$product->price = 24.99;
$repository->save($product);  // Only updates changed fields

// Delete
$repository->delete($product);
// or
$repository->deleteById(1);

// Query builder
$products = $repository->query()
    ->where('product_price', '>', 10)
    ->whereNotNull('product_stock')
    ->orderBy('product_created', 'DESC')
    ->limit(10)
    ->get();

Bulk Operations

// Bulk insert - fast!
$bulk = $repository->bulkInsert();
foreach ($products as $product) {
    $bulk->add($product);
}
$bulk->flush();  // Executes in batches of 1000

// Bulk upsert (INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE)
$bulk = $repository->bulkUpsert()
    ->onDuplicateKeyUpdate(['product_price', 'product_stock'])
    ->touchUpdatedOnDuplicate('product_updated');

foreach ($products as $product) {
    $bulk->add($product);
}
$bulk->flush();

// INSERT IGNORE
$bulk = $repository->bulkInsert()->ignore();

Transactions

// Manual
$repository->beginTransaction();
try {
    $repository->save($product1);
    $repository->save($product2);
    $repository->commit();
} catch (\Throwable $e) {
    $repository->rollback();
    throw $e;
}

// Or use the helper
$repository->transaction(function () use ($repository, $product1, $product2) {
    $repository->save($product1);
    $repository->save($product2);
});

Optimistic Locking

use MethorZ\SwiftDb\Trait\VersionTrait;

class Product extends AbstractEntity
{
    use VersionTrait;

    // ...

    public function getColumnMapping(): array
    {
        return [
            // ...
            ...$this->getVersionMapping(),
        ];
    }
}

// Now updates will check the version
try {
    $repository->save($product);
} catch (OptimisticLockException $e) {
    // Entity was modified by another process
}

Performance Tips

  1. Use bulk operations for multiple inserts/updates
  2. Use dirty tracking - only changed fields are updated
  3. Batch your queries - use findMany() instead of multiple find() calls
  4. Use the query builder for complex queries instead of multiple simple queries
  5. Enable the mapping cache in production for faster hydration
  6. Use convenience methods - whereBetween() generates more efficient SQL than two separate where() calls, and orWhereLike() is clearer than orWhere('col', 'LIKE', '?')

Development

Quick Start

# Install dependencies
composer install

# Run unit tests
make test-unit
# or
vendor/bin/phpunit --testsuite=unit

# Run integration tests (requires Docker)
make test-integration

# Run all quality checks
make quality

Docker Setup

The package includes a Docker setup for running integration tests with a real MySQL database.

# Start the database container
make start

# Run integration tests
make test-integration

# Stop containers
make stop

# View logs
make logs

# Access MySQL shell
make db-shell

Test Structure

tests/
├── Unit tests (default, no database required)
│   ├── Entity/
│   ├── Query/
│   ├── Bulk/
│   ├── Connection/
│   ├── Cache/
│   └── Exception/
└── Integration/  (requires Docker database)
    ├── Repository/
    ├── Bulk/
    └── Query/

Makefile Commands

Command Description
make start Start Docker containers
make stop Stop Docker containers
make test Run all tests
make test-unit Run unit tests only
make test-integration Run integration tests
make quality Run CS fix, CS check, and PHPStan
make cs-check Check code style
make cs-fix Fix code style
make analyze Run PHPStan
make shell Open PHP shell
make db-shell Open MySQL shell

API Reference

AbstractEntity

Base class for all entities.

Method Description
getId(): mixed Get primary key value
setId(mixed $id): void Set primary key value
hydrate(array $data): void Populate entity from database row
extract(): array Extract entity data for persistence
isDirty(): bool Check if entity has unsaved changes
getDirtyFields(): array Get only changed fields
markPersisted(): void Mark entity as saved
getColumnMapping(): array Define property-to-column mapping
getPrimaryKeyColumn(): string Get primary key column name

AbstractRepository

Base class for all repositories.

Method Description
find(mixed $id): ?T Find by primary key
findOrFail(mixed $id): T Find or throw exception
findMany(array $ids): array Find multiple by IDs
save(EntityInterface $entity): void Insert or update entity
delete(EntityInterface $entity): bool Delete entity
deleteById(mixed $id): bool Delete by primary key
create(): T Create new entity instance
count(): int Count all records
query(): QueryBuilder Create query builder
bulkInsert(): BulkInsert Create bulk insert operation
bulkUpsert(): BulkUpsert Create bulk upsert operation
beginTransaction(): void Start transaction
commit(): void Commit transaction
rollback(): void Rollback transaction
transaction(callable $callback): mixed Execute in transaction

QueryBuilder

Fluent query builder for MySQL with Laravel-style syntax.

Basic Methods

Method Description
table(string $table): self Set table name
from(string $table): self Alias for table()
select(array|string $columns): self Set columns to select
addSelect(string ...$columns): self Add columns
selectSub(Closure $callback, string $as): self Add subquery column
selectRaw(string $expression): self Add raw select
distinct(): self Select distinct rows

WHERE Clauses (Laravel-style)

Method Description
where($column, $value) Implicit '=' operator
where($column, $operator, $value) Explicit operator
where(['col' => $val, ...]) Array of conditions
where(Closure $callback) Nested conditions
orWhere(...) OR variant of where()
whereColumn($first, $second) Compare two columns
orWhereColumn(...) OR variant of whereColumn()
whereIn($column, $values|Closure) IN clause or subquery
orWhereIn($column, $values|Closure) OR WHERE IN
whereNotIn($column, $values|Closure) NOT IN clause
orWhereNotIn($column, $values|Closure) OR WHERE NOT IN
whereNull($column) IS NULL
orWhereNull($column) OR WHERE IS NULL
whereNotNull($column) IS NOT NULL
orWhereNotNull($column) OR WHERE IS NOT NULL
whereBetween($column, $min, $max) BETWEEN
orWhereBetween($column, $min, $max) OR WHERE BETWEEN
whereNotBetween($column, $min, $max) NOT BETWEEN
orWhereNotBetween($column, $min, $max) OR WHERE NOT BETWEEN
whereLike($column, $pattern) LIKE pattern
orWhereLike($column, $pattern) OR WHERE LIKE
whereExists(Closure $callback) EXISTS subquery
orWhereExists(Closure $callback) OR WHERE EXISTS
whereNotExists(Closure $callback) NOT EXISTS
orWhereNotExists(Closure $callback) OR WHERE NOT EXISTS
whereRaw($sql, $bindings) Raw WHERE clause
orWhereRaw($sql, $bindings) OR raw WHERE clause

JOINs (with closure support)

Method Description
join($table, $first, $second) INNER JOIN (implicit '=')
join($table, $first, $op, $second) INNER JOIN with operator
join($table, Closure $callback) Complex join conditions
leftJoin(...) LEFT JOIN variants
rightJoin(...) RIGHT JOIN variants

Ordering & Grouping

Method Description
orderBy($column, $direction) ORDER BY
orderBy(['col' => 'dir', ...]) Multiple columns
orderByAsc($column) ORDER BY ASC
orderByDesc($column) ORDER BY DESC
groupBy($columns) GROUP BY
limit($n) / take($n) Set LIMIT
offset($n) / skip($n) Set OFFSET

Unions

Method Description
union(QueryBuilder $query) UNION
unionAll(QueryBuilder $query) UNION ALL

Conditional Building

Method Description
when($condition, Closure $callback, ?Closure $default) Apply if truthy
unless($condition, Closure $callback) Apply if falsy
tap(Closure $callback) Execute side effect

Execution

Method Description
get(): array Get all rows
first(): ?array Get first row
count(): int COUNT query
exists(): bool Check existence
doesntExist(): bool Check non-existence
update(array $values): int UPDATE query
delete(): int DELETE query
insert(array $values): bool INSERT query
toSql(): string Get SQL string
getBindings(): array Get bindings

Query Builder Examples

// Implicit equals (Laravel-style)
$rows = $this->query()
    ->where('product_active', true)
    ->where('product_category_id', $categoryId)
    ->get();

// Array syntax
$rows = $this->query()
    ->where([
        'product_active' => true,
        'product_status' => 'published',
    ])
    ->get();

// Nested conditions (AND with OR inside)
// WHERE active = 1 AND (price < 10 OR featured = 1)
$rows = $this->query()
    ->where('product_active', true)
    ->where(function ($q) {
        $q->where('product_price', '<', 10)
          ->orWhere('product_featured', true);
    })
    ->get();

// Conditional building
$rows = $this->query()
    ->where('product_active', true)
    ->when($categoryId, fn($q, $id) => $q->where('product_category_id', $id))
    ->when($minPrice, fn($q, $min) => $q->where('product_price', '>=', $min))
    ->get();

// Join with conditions
$rows = $this->query()
    ->leftJoin('discount', function ($join) use ($today) {
        $join->on('product.product_id', 'discount.discount_product_id')
             ->where('discount.discount_active', true)
             ->where('discount.discount_start', '<=', $today);
    })
    ->get();

// Subquery in whereIn
$rows = $this->query()
    ->whereIn('product_category_id', function ($sub) {
        $sub->table('category')
            ->select('category_id')
            ->where('category_active', true);
    })
    ->get();

// EXISTS subquery
$rows = $this->query()
    ->whereExists(function ($sub) {
        $sub->table('inventory')
            ->select('1')
            ->whereColumn('inventory.product_id', 'product.product_id')
            ->where('inventory.quantity', '>', 0);
    })
    ->get();

// OR convenience methods - Multi-field search
// WHERE active = 1 AND (name LIKE ? OR sku LIKE ?)
$rows = $this->query()
    ->where('product_active', true)
    ->where(function ($q) use ($searchTerm) {
        $q->whereLike('product_name', "%{$searchTerm}%")
          ->orWhereLike('product_sku', "%{$searchTerm}%");
    })
    ->get();

// OR BETWEEN - Price range or high stock
// WHERE (price BETWEEN 10 AND 50) OR (stock BETWEEN 100 AND 500)
$rows = $this->query()
    ->whereBetween('product_price', 10.0, 50.0)
    ->orWhereBetween('product_stock', 100, 500)
    ->get();

// OR NOT BETWEEN - Exclude middle range
// WHERE price NOT BETWEEN 50 AND 100 OR stock NOT BETWEEN 10 AND 50
$rows = $this->query()
    ->whereNotBetween('product_price', 50.0, 100.0)
    ->orWhereNotBetween('product_stock', 10, 50)
    ->get();

// OR IN - Multiple category sets
// WHERE category_id IN (1, 2) OR status IN ('active', 'featured')
$rows = $this->query()
    ->whereIn('product_category_id', [1, 2])
    ->orWhereIn('product_status', ['active', 'featured'])
    ->get();

// OR NOT IN - Exclude multiple sets
// WHERE status NOT IN ('deleted', 'archived') OR category_id NOT IN (5, 6)
$rows = $this->query()
    ->whereNotIn('product_status', ['deleted', 'archived'])
    ->orWhereNotIn('product_category_id', [5, 6])
    ->get();

// OR IN with subquery - Active categories OR featured tags
$rows = $this->query()
    ->whereIn('product_category_id', function ($sub) {
        $sub->table('category')->select('category_id')->where('category_active', true);
    })
    ->orWhereIn('product_tag_id', function ($sub) {
        $sub->table('tag')->select('tag_id')->where('tag_featured', true);
    })
    ->get();

// OR EXISTS - Has inventory OR has pre-orders
$rows = $this->query()
    ->whereExists(function ($sub) {
        $sub->table('inventory')
            ->select('1')
            ->whereColumn('inventory.product_id', 'product.product_id')
            ->where('inventory.quantity', '>', 0);
    })
    ->orWhereExists(function ($sub) {
        $sub->table('pre_order')
            ->select('1')
            ->whereColumn('pre_order.product_id', 'product.product_id');
    })
    ->get();

// OR NOT EXISTS - No reviews OR no ratings
$rows = $this->query()
    ->whereNotExists(function ($sub) {
        $sub->table('review')->select('1')->whereColumn('review.product_id', 'product.product_id');
    })
    ->orWhereNotExists(function ($sub) {
        $sub->table('rating')->select('1')->whereColumn('rating.product_id', 'product.product_id');
    })
    ->get();

// OR RAW - Complex business logic
// WHERE margin > 20 OR (price * discount_multiplier) < cost
$rows = $this->query()
    ->whereRaw('(product_price - product_cost) / product_price > ?', [0.2])
    ->orWhereRaw('product_price * ? < product_cost', [0.8])
    ->get();

BulkInsert

High-performance multi-row INSERT.

Method Description
add(EntityInterface $entity): self Add entity to batch
addRow(array $row): self Add raw row to batch
flush(): int Execute and return affected rows
ignore(): self Use INSERT IGNORE
setBatchSize(int $size): self Set batch size (default: 1000)
getTotalAffected(): int Get total rows affected

BulkUpsert

INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE.

Method Description
onDuplicateKeyUpdate(array $columns): self Set columns to update
touchUpdatedOnDuplicate(string $column): self Update timestamp on duplicate
(inherits all BulkInsert methods)

IdentityMap (Optional)

Caches loaded entities to prevent duplicate instances.

Method Description
get(string $class, int|string $id): ?T Get cached entity
set(string $class, int|string $id, EntityInterface $entity): void Cache entity
has(string $class, int|string $id): bool Check if cached
remove(string $class, int|string $id): void Remove from cache
clear(?string $class): void Clear cache (all or by class)
getStats(): array Get hit/miss statistics

JoinClause

Helper class for building complex JOIN conditions (used with closure joins).

Method Description
on($first, $second) Add ON condition (column = column)
on($first, $operator, $second) Add ON condition with operator
orOn($first, $second) Add OR ON condition
where($column, $value) Add WHERE condition (column = value)
where($column, $operator, $value) Add WHERE condition with operator
orWhere(...) Add OR WHERE condition
whereNull($column) Add WHERE IS NULL
whereNotNull($column) Add WHERE IS NOT NULL

Example:

$this->query()
    ->leftJoin('discount', function (JoinClause $join) use ($today) {
        $join->on('product.product_id', 'discount.product_id')
             ->where('discount.active', true)
             ->where('discount.start_date', '<=', $today)
             ->whereNull('discount.deleted_at');
    })
    ->get();

QueryLogger

Debug and monitor query execution.

Method Description
enable(): void Enable logging
disable(): void Disable logging
isEnabled(): bool Check if enabled
log(string $sql, array $params, float $duration): void Log a query
getQueries(): array Get all logged queries
getQueryCount(): int Get total query count
getTotalTime(): float Get total execution time (seconds)
getSlowestQuery(): ?array Get the slowest query
getSlowQueries(float $threshold): array Get queries slower than threshold
getSummary(): array Get statistics summary
clear(): void Clear logged queries

Example:

use MethorZ\SwiftDb\Query\QueryLogger;

// Create with PSR-3 logger (optional)
$logger = new QueryLogger($psrLogger);

// Pass to repository/query builder
$repository = new ProductRepository($connection, $logger);

// After some operations...
$summary = $logger->getSummary();
// ['count' => 5, 'total_time_ms' => 12.5, 'avg_time_ms' => 2.5, 'slowest_ms' => 5.2]

// Find slow queries (> 100ms)
$slowQueries = $logger->getSlowQueries(0.1);

// Clear for next request
$logger->clear();

MappingCache

OPcache-friendly cache for entity column mappings (production optimization).

Method Description
getMapping(string $entityClass): array Get cached mapping for entity class
clear(): void Clear all cached mappings
clearFor(string $entityClass): void Clear mapping for specific class

Example:

use MethorZ\SwiftDb\Cache\MappingCache;

// Configure with cache directory
$cache = new MappingCache('data/cache/database');

// First call: builds mapping via reflection, stores as PHP file
$mapping = $cache->getMapping(Product::class);

// Subsequent calls: loads from OPcache (fast!)
$mapping = $cache->getMapping(Product::class);

// Clear cache after entity changes (e.g., in deployment)
$cache->clear();

Traits

Trait Properties Description
TimestampsTrait createdAt, updatedAt Auto-managed timestamps
UuidTrait uuid UUID v7 generation
VersionTrait version Optimistic locking

Exceptions

Exception HTTP Code Description
DatabaseException 500 Base exception
ConnectionException 500 Connection failures
QueryException 500 Query execution errors
EntityException 500 Entity-related errors
DeadlockException 500 MySQL deadlock detected
DuplicateEntryException 409 Unique constraint violation
OptimisticLockException 409 Version mismatch

Requirements

  • PHP 8.3 or 8.4
  • PDO with MySQL driver
  • MySQL 8.0+
  • Docker (for integration tests)

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING.md for development guidelines.

License

MIT

About

SwiftDb - High-performance MySQL database layer with bulk operations (INSERT, UPSERT), entity pattern with dirty tracking, fluent query builder, optimistic locking, and master/slave support. Zero abstraction overhead. PHP 8.3+.

Topics

mysql php performance composer orm pdo master-slave transactions query-builder sql-builder repository-pattern database-abstraction phpstan laravel-style php8 psr-12 dtabase mezzio bulk-operations eloquent-style

Resources

Readme

License

MIT license

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