interpolation_search code added

Author: imshaaz21

Searching_Algorithm/PYTHON/interpolation_search.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+def interpolation_search(arr, target):
+    """
+    Perform interpolation search to find the target element in a sorted array.
+
+    Args:
+    arr (list): The sorted list to search in.
+    target (int): The element to search for.
+
+    Returns:
+    int: The index of the target element in the array, or -1 if not found.
+    """
+    left, right = 0, len(arr) - 1
+
+    while left <= right and arr[left] <= target <= arr[right]:
+        if left == right:
+            if arr[left] == target:
+                return left
+            return -1
+        pos = left + ((target - arr[left]) * (right - left) // (arr[right] - arr[left]))
+
+        if arr[pos] == target:
+            return pos
+        if arr[pos] < target:
+            left = pos + 1
+        else:
+            right = pos - 1
+
+    return -1
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    
+    # Test case
+    test_array = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19]
+    target_element = 11
+    result = interpolation_search(test_array, target_element)
+
+    if result == -1:
+        print(f"Element {target_element} is not present in the array")
+    else:
+        print(f"Element {target_element} found at position {result} in the array")