LLVM's implementation of the STL, libc++ is officially supported only on Mac OS. We have some CMake logic to use libc++ when compiling with Clang but it needs explicit activation/deactivation on non-OSX when compiling with Clang.
Due to lack of a Mac machine, I can't test that logic and need some help here. We might need to add another check on whether CMake's variable APPLE is true or not.