The Programming Language Lua and OpenResty
http://slides.com/rmingwang/lua-and-openresty/fullscreen
复杂系统 => Kernel & Configuration
Kernel -> 核心功能和内部实现，提供调用配置接口 - 编译型语言 - 静态语言 - 注重性能
Configuration -> 调用和配置 Kernel ，丰富和定制系统 - 脚本语言 - 动态语言 - 注重业务逻辑
C++ -> OC -> Lua C/C++ -> Lua API
应用
使用lua开发的游戏
- 魔兽世界
- 梦幻西游
- 愤怒的小鸟（Wax） ...
游戏插件
- 魔兽争霸（自定义皮肤界面）
- Dota2 （RPG地图编辑器脚本） ...
其他应用
- MySQL Proxy Scripting（连接池管理，查询过滤，读写分离，负载均衡）
- Wireshark Lua API
- OpenWrt Lua UCI API (LuCI)
- Adobe Lightroom
Web框架
- Sailor! A Lua MVC Framework
- Lapis (Web Framework OpenResty && Lua)
- aLiLua | A High-Performance Lua Web Framework
Lua is a powerful, fast, lightweight, embeddable scripting language.
- 语法简单，代码可读性强
- 完整解析器不到200K，可嵌入宿主程序
- 最快的脚本语言，JIT，协程
- 跨平台 ASCII C实现(C API)
- 自动内存管理（GC 标记清除法）
- 接口语言 、嵌入式语言、胶水语言
Isomorphic JS => Isomorphic Lua ?
JS run on both the client and the server
Lua 200K => JS lua parser
"Write once, run anywhere" (WORA)
Java JVM(JIT inside)
JavaScript V8 engine(JIT inside)
Lua Ascii C / 200K / JIT / Embedded
语法 Lua vs JS 全局变量, 匿名函数, 函数一等公民... 面向对象, Lua => 元表 JS => 原型 标准库
OpenResty & Lua
nginx + perl ?
ngx_http_perl_module
nginx + javascript ?
ngx_http_js_module
nginx + 第三方模块
主要：
LuaJIT (Just-In-Time Compiler for the Lua programming language. )
HttpLuaModule (ngx_lua - Embed the power of Lua into Nginx)
LuaRestyCoreLibrary(lua-resty-core - New FFI-based Lua API for the ngx_lua module)
ngx_lua
init_by_lua
init_worker_by_lua
set_by_lua
rewrite_by_lua
access_by_lua
content_by_lua
header_filter_by_lua
body_filter_by_lua
log_by_lua
其他扩展模块
luarestymemcached
luarestyredis
luarestymysql
luarestydns
luarestyupload
luarestywebsocket
luarestylock
luarestyupstreamhealthcheck
Nginx HTTP 请求生命周期
http://tengine.taobao.org/book/_images/chapter-2-2.PNG
nginx请求处理流程
配置文件『声明性的』，而非『过程性的』
Lua + Nginx API for Lua + ngx.shared.DICT / memcache / redis / mysql / postgresql
应用实例：
防止DDos,清洗流量
XSS filter
upstream节点健康检查
图片处理
- I/O multiplexing
- Connections Pool
- noBlocking!
non-blocking MySQL ngx_libdrizzle
"Light threads" based on Lua coroutines
--发起同步非阻塞请求 ngx.location.capture("/foo") ngx.location.capture_multi{ {"/foo"}, "/bar"}}
-- 数据字典操作，可以在nginx不同 worker 的 pool 间共享 --lua_shared_dict dogs 10m; local dogs = ngx.shared.dogs dogs:add("Tom", 5) dogs:set("Tom", 7) dogs:incr("Tom", 1) dogs:delete("Tom", 1)
-- 延时执行 local function do_job() ... end local ok, err = ngx.timer.at(1.5, do_job)
Construct fully RESTful queries in a single location
location ~ '^/cat/(\d+)' { set $id $1; set_form_input $name; set_quote_sql_str $quoted_name $name;
postgres_query GET "select * from cats where id=$id";
postgres_query DELETE "delete from cats where id=$id";
postgres_query POST "insert into cats (id, name) values($id, $quoted_name)";
postgres_pass my_pg_backend;
}
nginx.conf scripting
server { listen 80; server_name openresty.dev;
error_log /home/wwwlogs/openresty.dev.error.log error;
access_log /home/wwwlogs/openresty.dev.access.log access;
#use ngx_echo_module
location = '/halo' {
add_header Content-Type text/html;
echo "halo, $arg_person!";
break;
}
#use ngx_http_lua_module
location ~* ^/test(.*)$ {
#lua_code_cache off;
content_by_lua "
ngx.send_headers({'Content-Type:text/html'})
ngx.say('tester')
ngx.exit(200)
";
}
#use ngx_http_lua_module
location ~* ^/test(.*)$ {
#lua_code_cache off;
content_by_lua_file "
ngx.send_headers({'Content-Type:text/html'})
ngx.say('tester')
ngx.exit(200)
";
}
}
http://openresty.dev/halo?person=rmingwang halo, rmingwang!
http://openresty.dev/test tester
Any questions?
OpenResty
- Lua简明教程
- agentzh's home
- agentzh 的 Nginx 教程
- nginx的模块化体系结构
- Nginx HTTP 请求生命周期
- 17173 Ngx_Lua使用分享
- awesome-resty
Lua language
- Lua 5.3 参考手册
- Lua vs. JavaScript
- Lua: Good, bad, and ugly parts
- Lua 为什么在游戏编程领域被广泛运用？
- 云风的 BLOG: lua与虚拟机 Archives
Books
- [Lua程序设计](Lua程序设计 http://book.luaer.cn/)
- 《Programming In Lua》