Operating system practice

What is the project mainly about?

This project consists of three parts.

• The first part is to build the linux kernel for TI OMAP 5912.

What am I going to do?

• Build cross development toolchain
• Build linux kernel
  → Check Point 1: uImage
• Setup tftp server
• Setup NFS server → Check Point 2: test the services
• Setup target board
• Download linux kernel → Check Point 3: test the linux kernel

Fedora Linux

• The Fedora Project was created in late 2003.
• I'm using the version 38.
• Package manager: RPM
• Update method: yum
  • Password: csie123456
  • Select the language: Taiwan
  • WindowsKey + space to change the input language
  • Activities→ Search: terminal→ to get the terminal
    • Edit→ Profile Preferences→ Colors→ Uncheck "use colors from system theme"
  • Click the icon at the right-top corner for network setting

Setting Network

vi--A Screen-Oriented Text Editor

• vi is widely supported by Unix-like operating system.
• Normal mode:
  • Move, search, copy, paste, delete,...
  • Press i, I, a, A, o, O,... to change to the insert mode
  • Press : for the command mode
• Command mode:
  • Save, quit, load, split, ...
  • After enter the command, it will back to the normal mode
• Insert mode:
  • Move & input anything
  • Press ESC to go back to the normal mode

vi Commands

• Press ‘i’ to get the insert mode
• Key-in anything
• Press ‘ESC’ to go back to the normal mode
• Press ‘:->w->q->ENTER’ to save & quit
• Please search for some trivial of vi & study by yourself

Part I: Build the Linux Kernel for TI OMAP 5912.

Download files

• Download the tools from the course website and extract the files
• I will need the following files
  • linux-2.6.12-omap.tgz-> the kernel source code
  • gcc-3.3.2.tar-> some gcc extension for this project
  • mkimage-> some script which is used when compiling kernel
  • rootfsosk.tar.bz2-> the content of the root filesystem
• I will need root privilege for the following actions.
  • sudo passwd root
  • su (the password is root123456)-> change to root
  • cd /home/csie/LAB1
  • cp linux-2.6.12-omap.tgz /opt/linux-2.6.12-omap.tgz
  • cp gcc-3.3.2.tar /opt/gcc-3.3.2.tar
  • chmod +x mkimage
  • cd /opt
  • tar xvf gcc-3.3.2.tar
  • tar zxvf linux-2.6.12-omap.tgz
  • cp home/csie/LAB1/mkimage /opt/usr/local/arm/3.3.2/bin/mkimage

Prepare the Compiling Environment

• Set Path
  • export PATH=$PATH:/opt/usr/local/arm/3.3.2/bin-> for every terminal session, before I compile the kernel
  • export LANG=en
• Install Tools
  • yum -y install gcc-> compiler tools
  • yum -y install glibc.i686-> library for 32-bit Linux Kernel
  • yum -y install minicom-> minicom is the utility for the serial port connection

Build the Linux Kernel

• Go to the kernel source directory (be the root)
  • cd /opt/linux-2.6.12
• Set the kernel configuration
  • make omap_osk_5912_deconfig
• Compile the kernel
  • make uImage
• Prepare the root filesystem
  • cp /home/csie/LAB1/rootfsosk.tar.bz2 /tmp/rootfsosk.tar.bz2
  • cd /tmp
  • tar jxvf rootfsosk.tar.bz2

Check Point 1

• Now, I should have the compiled kernel
• The kernel imags is at: /opt/linux-2.6.12/arch/arm/boot/uImage
• The root filesystem for the evaluation board is at: /tmp/roorfs2.6

Set the Network Services (1/2)

• Disable the Firewall (it is not a good idea, only for this lab exercise)
  • systemctl stop firewalld
  • systemctl disable firewalld
• Set the TFTP Service
  • yum -y install tftp-server tftp-> tftp is used to download kernel image
• vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
  • Find disable = yes
  • Change it to disable = no
• systemctl start tftp.socket
• systemctl enable tftp.socket
• dnf install tftp-server tftp -y
• cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.service /etc/systemd/system/tftp-server.service
• cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket /etc/systemd/system/tftp-server.socket
• vi /etc/systemd/system/tftp-server.service
• systemctl daemon-reload
• systemctl enable --now tftp-server
• chmod 777 /var/lib/tftpboot

Set the Network Services (2/2)

• Set the NFS Service
  • yum -y install nfs-utils-> nfs for the root filesystem
  • vi /etc/exports
    • Add the line /tmp/rootfs2.6 *(rw,fsid=1,no_root_squash)
  • vi /etc/nfs.conf
    • Add the line udp=y
  • exportfs -rv
  • systemctl start rpcbind.service
  • systemctl start nfs-mountd.service

Test the Network Services

• I need a friend for the following test
  • One be the server and the other be the client
  • Switch the roles & do it again
• Test TFTP
  • Server side:
    • vi /var/lib/tftpboot/testfile-> and then key something
  • Client side:
    • tftp 192.168.68.xxx (xxx is for the server IP)
    • get testfile
    • quit
    • cat testfile
• Test NFS
  • Server side:
  • Client side:
    • mkdir /home/csie/nfstest
    • mount -t nfs 192.168.68.xxx:/tmp/rootfs2.6 /home/csie/nfstest
    • cd /home/csie/nfstest
    • ls
    • cd /
    • umount /home/csie/nfstest

Check Point 2

• Now, I have enabled the TFTP & NFS services on my PC
• TFTP & NFS are properly working now

Set the Minicom (1/3)

• Enter the setting menu
  • minicom -s
• Serial port setup-> press the letter to change it

Set the Minicom (2/3)

• Modem & dialing

Set the Minicom (3/3)

• Save & leave the setting interface
• Start & quit minicom
  • Start minicom
  • Quit CTRL + A -> Q

Prepare for the Booting

• Copy the boot image for TFTP booting
  • cp /opt/linux-2.6.12/arch/arm/boot/uImage /var/lib/tftpboot/uImage
• Set the evaluation board as follows

Boot the Evaluation Board

• Start the minicom
  • minicom -s
• Press the reset button on the board
  • After the reset, immediately press any key on minicom terminal
  • I will get the following prompt

Download the New Kernel

• Set the boot configuration
  • set ipaddr 192.168.68.yy (evaluation board IP)
  • set serverip 192.168.68.zz (PC IP)
  • set netmask 255.255.255.0
  • set gatewayip 192.168.68.254
  • set ethaddr 00-0e-99-xx-xx-xx
  • set bootargs console=ttyS0, 115200n8 rw ip=192.168.68.yy root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.68.zz:/tmp/rootfs2.6,v3
  • printenv->double check the setting

Boot the New Kernel and Mount the NFS Root Filesystem

• Download the kernel: tftpboot 0x10000000 uImage
• Boot the OS: bootm 0x10000000

Done!

Or Bugs!?

Common Mistakes

• su & export should be used whenever a new terminal is created
  • If I extract the root file system by the user csie, there will be an error when I boot the board to mount the NFS root file system
    • Reboot the computer & do everything again
  • If I do not export the path of the tools, I will get some error when I compile the kernel module
• Please read the error message if I type something wrong
• UART: it should be connected to the bottom port
• Ethernet: do check the IP is correct
• Some evaluation boards were tested to be good: (no USB cable), 7, 9, 10, 11, 15, 19, 20

Grading this Exercise

• Attend and understand this exercise: 10%
• Check point 1: 10%
• Check point 2: 10%
• Final result: 20%
• Report before the exercise: 25%
• Report after the exercise: 25%

Report Requirements

• Report before the exercise:
  • Only two pages, 12-pt font size
  • Deadline is 20:00, 2023/05/17
  • File name: OSP-Lab1-Study-StudentID
  • File type: PDF or Word
  • Upload to the e-learning system
  • Remember to list all st