Python - Everything is Object

Description 🎯

This project is a deep dive into Python's object model, exploring how Python handles different types of objects. It focuses on understanding the distinction between immutable and mutable objects, object identifiers, aliases, and variable references.

Learning Objectives 🎓

By the end of this project, you should be able to explain:

• What is an object
• The difference between a class and an object/instance
• The difference between immutable and mutable objects
• What is a reference
• What is an assignment
• What is an alias
• How to identify if two variables are identical
• How to identify if two variables are linked to the same object
• How to display variable identifiers
• How Python passes variables to functions

Requirements 📋

Python Scripts

• All files interpreted/compiled on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS using python3 (version 3.8.5)
• All files should end with a new line
• First line of all files should be exactly #!/usr/bin/python3
• Code should use pycodestyle (version 2.7.*)
• All files must be executable

.txt Answer Files

• Only one line
• No Shebang
• All files should end with a new line

Files 📁

Mandatory Tasks

• 0-answer.txt through 28-answer.txt: Various questions about Python objects
• 19-copy_list.py: Function that returns a copy of a list

Advanced Tasks

• 100-magic_string.py: Function that returns a string "BestSchool" n times
• 101-locked_class.py: Class with no attributes that prevents dynamic creation
• 103-line1.txt & 103-line2.txt: Int object creation questions
• 104-line1.txt through 104-line5.txt: More int object questions
• 105-line1.txt: Memory management questions
• 106-line1.txt through 106-line5.txt: String object questions

Resources 📚

• 9.10. Objects and values
• 9.11. Aliasing
• Immutable vs mutable types
• Mutation
• Python tuples: immutable but potentially changing

Project Setup 🛠️

Quick Setup

You can quickly create all the necessary files and directories using this command:

mkdir -p holbertonschool-higher_level_programming/python-everything_is_object && \
cd holbertonschool-higher_level_programming/python-everything_is_object && \
touch README.md && \
touch 0-answer.txt 1-answer.txt 2-answer.txt 3-answer.txt 4-answer.txt \
      5-answer.txt 6-answer.txt 7-answer.txt 8-answer.txt 9-answer.txt \
      10-answer.txt 11-answer.txt 12-answer.txt 13-answer.txt 14-answer.txt \
      15-answer.txt 16-answer.txt 17-answer.txt 18-answer.txt 19-copy_list.py \
      20-answer.txt 21-answer.txt 22-answer.txt 23-answer.txt 24-answer.txt \
      25-answer.txt 26-answer.txt 27-answer.txt 28-answer.txt && \
touch 100-magic_string.py 101-locked_class.py \
      103-line1.txt 103-line2.txt \
      104-line1.txt 104-line2.txt 104-line3.txt 104-line4.txt 104-line5.txt \
      105-line1.txt \
      106-line1.txt 106-line2.txt 106-line3.txt 106-line4.txt 106-line5.txt && \
echo '#!/usr/bin/python3' > 19-copy_list.py && \
echo '#!/usr/bin/python3' > 100-magic_string.py && \
echo '#!/usr/bin/python3' > 101-locked_class.py && \
chmod +x *.py

What This Command Does 📋

1. Creates the project directory structure
2. Creates mandatory task files (0-28 answer files)
3. Creates Python files for mandatory tasks
4. Adds the shebang (#!/usr/bin/python3) to Python files
5. Makes the Python files executable

File Structure After Setup 📂

python-everything_is_object/
├── README.md
├── 0-answer.txt through 28-answer.txt
├── 19-copy_list.py
├── 100-magic_string.py
├── 101-locked_class.py
├── 103-line1.txt, 103-line2.txt
├── 104-line1.txt through 104-line5.txt
├── 105-line1.txt
└── 106-line1.txt through 106-line5.txt

After Setup Checklist ✅

• Verify all files are created

• Confirm Python files are executable:

  ls -l *.py

Author ✍️

TheWatcher01

Acknowledgments 🙏

Project provided by Holberton School