c-programming

Escape Sequences in C

Escape Sequence	Character Description
\b	Backspace
\f	Form feed
\n	Newline
\r	Carriage return
\t	Horizontal tab
\v	Vertical tab
\\	Backslash
\'	Single quotation mark
\"	Double quotation mark
\?	Question mark
\0	Null character

Format Specifiers in C

Format specifiers tell printf() and scanf() what type of data you want to display or input.

Format Specifier	Meaning	Example	Example Output
%d	Integer (decimal)	printf("%d", 10);	10
%i	Integer (same as %d)	printf("%i", -5);	-5
%c	Single character	printf("%c", 'A');	A
%s	String (array of characters)	printf("%s", "Hello");	Hello
%f	Floating-point number (decimal)	printf("%f", 3.14);	3.140000
%.2f	Floating-point with 2 decimal places	printf("%.2f", 3.14);	3.14
%lf	Double precision floating-point	printf("%lf", 3.14159);	3.141590
%u	Unsigned integer (only positive)	printf("%u", 25);	25
%ld	Long integer	printf("%ld", 1234567890L);	1234567890
%lld	Long long integer	printf("%lld", 1234567890123LL);	1234567890123
%x	Hexadecimal (lowercase)	printf("%x", 255);	ff
%X	Hexadecimal (uppercase)	printf("%X", 255);	FF
%o	Octal number	printf("%o", 10);	12
%p	Memory address (pointer)	printf("%p", ptr);	0x7ffee4b7c8a0
%%	Prints a percent sign	printf("100%% Complete");	100% Complete

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🧠 Example Program

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int age = 21;
    char grade = 'A';
    char name[] = "Bora";
    float height = 1.75;

    printf("Name: %s\n", name);
    printf("Age: %d\n", age);
    printf("Grade: %c\n", grade);
    printf("Height: %.2f meters\n", height);

    return 0;
}