Core is a completely modular system that would be deployed over a large Minecraft network.
Core is responsible for many things. Of it's modules, the main being "Core" itself, it divides up tasks like
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Storing information against users
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Managing user groups (by providing it's own group system) and permissions
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Dealing with channeled chat
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Sending information across servers (abstracted well so you can send many many kinds of messages)
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Storing maps across networks
As well as other complex functionality that would need to be used for a large network.