Send Bytes

.github/workflows/memory_check.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+name: Memory Check
+
+on:
+    push:
+        branches:
+            - master
+    pull_request:
+        branches:
+            - master
+
+env:
+    PYTHONUNBUFFERED: "1"
+    FORCE_COLOR: "1"
+    PYTHONIOENCODING: "utf8"
+
+jobs:
+    run:
+        name: Valgrind on Ubuntu
+        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+        steps:
+            - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+            - name: Set up Python 3.12
+              uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+              with:
+                  python-version: 3.12
+
+            - name: Install PyTest
+              run: |
+                  pip install pytest pytest-asyncio
+              shell: bash
+
+            - name: Build project
+              run: pip install .[full]
+
+            - name: Install Valgrind
+              run: sudo apt-get -y install valgrind
+
+            - name: Run tests with Valgrind
+              run: valgrind --suppressions=valgrind-python.supp --error-exitcode=1 pytest -x

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -13,8 +13,10 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 -   Added support for coroutines in `PyAwaitable` (vendored)
 -   Finished websocket implementation
 -   Added the `custom` loader
+-   Added support for returning `bytes` objects in the body.
 -   **Breaking Change:** Removed the `hijack` configuration setting
 -   **Breaking Change:** Removed the `post_init` parameter from `new_app`, as well as renamed the `store_address` parameter to `store`.
+-   **Breaking Change:** `load()` now takes routes via variadic arguments, instead of a list of routes.
 
 ## [1.0.0-alpha10] - 2024-5-26
 

docs/building-projects/responses.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 ## Basic Responses
 
-In any web framework, returning a response can be as simple as returning a string of text or quite complex with all sorts of things like server-side rendering. Right out of the box, View supports returning status codes, headers, and a response without any fancy tooling. A response **must** contain a body (this is a `str`), but may also contain a status (`int`) or headers (`dict[str, str]`). These may be in any order.
+In any web framework, returning a response can be as simple as returning a string of text or quite complex with all sorts of things like server-side rendering. Right out of the box, View supports returning status codes, headers, and a response without any fancy tooling. A response **must** contain a body (this is a `str` or `bytes`), but may also contain a status (`int`) or headers (`dict[str, str]`). These may be in any order.
 
 ```py
 from view import new_app
@@ -242,32 +242,50 @@ class ListResponse(Response[list]):
 
 ## Middleware
 
-### What is middleware?
+### The Middleware API
 
-In view.py, middleware is called right before the route is executed, but **not necessarily in the middle.** However, for tradition, View calls it middleware.
+`Route.middleware` is used to define a middleware function for a route. Like other web frameworks, middleware functions are given a `call_next`. Note that `call_next` is always asynchronous regardless of whether the route is asynchronous.
 
-The main difference between middleware in view.py and other frameworks is that in view.py, there is no `call_next` function in middleware, and instead just the arguments that would go to the route.
+```py
+from view import new_app, CallNext
 
-!!! question "Why no `call_next`?"
+app = new_app()
 
-    view.py doesn't use the `call_next` function because of the nature of it's routing system.
+@app.get("/")
+def index():
+    return "my response!"
 
-### The Middleware API
+@index.middleware
+async def index_middleware(call_next: CallNext):
+    print("this is called before index()!")
+    res = await call_next()
+    print("this is called after index()!")
+    return res
 
-`Route.middleware` is used to define a middleware function for a route.
+app.run()
+```
+
+### Response Parsing
+
+As shown above, `call_next` returns the result of the route. However, dealing with the raw response tuple might be a bit of a hassle. Instead, you can convert the response to a `Response` object using the `to_response` function:
 
 ```py
-from view import new_app
+from view import new_app, CallNext, to_response
+from time import perf_counter
 
 app = new_app()
 
 @app.get("/")
-async def index():
-    ...
+def index():
+    return "my response!"
 
 @index.middleware
-async def index_middleware():
-    print("this is called before index()!")
+async def took_time_middleware(call_next: CallNext):
+    a = perf_counter()
+    res = to_response(await call_next())
+    b = perf_counter()
+    res.headers["X-Time-Elapsed"] = str(b - a)
+    return res
 
 app.run()
 ```
@@ -276,7 +294,7 @@ app.run()
 
 Responses can be returned with a string, integer, and/or dictionary in any order.
 
--   The string represents the body of the response (e.g. the HTML or JSON)
+-   The string represents the body of the response (e.g. HTML or JSON)
 -   The integer represents the status code (200 by default)
 -   The dictionary represents the headers (e.g. `{"x-www-my-header": "some value"}`)
 

src/_view/results.c

@@ -18,6 +18,13 @@ static int find_result_for(
         const char* tmp = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(target);
         if (!tmp) return -1;
         *res_str = strdup(tmp);
+    } else if (Py_IS_TYPE(
+        target,
+        &PyBytes_Type
+               )) {
+        const char* tmp = PyBytes_AsString(target);
+        if (!tmp) return -1;
+        *res_str = strdup(tmp);
     } else if (Py_IS_TYPE(
         target,
         &PyDict_Type
@@ -63,8 +70,6 @@ static int find_result_for(
                 return -1;
             };
 
-            Py_DECREF(item_bytes);
-
             PyObject* v_bytes = PyBytes_FromString(v_str);
 
             if (!v_bytes) {
@@ -81,8 +86,6 @@ static int find_result_for(
                 return -1;
             };
 
-            Py_DECREF(v_bytes);
-
             if (PyList_Append(
                 headers,
                 header_list
@@ -131,7 +134,7 @@ static int find_result_for(
     } else {
         PyErr_SetString(
             PyExc_TypeError,
-            "returned tuple should only contain a str, int, or dict"
+            "returned tuple should only contain a str, bytes, int, or dict"
         );
         return -1;
     }
@@ -168,6 +171,10 @@ static int handle_result_impl(
         const char* tmp = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(result);
         if (!tmp) return -1;
         res_str = strdup(tmp);
+    } else if (PyBytes_CheckExact(result)) {
+        const char* tmp = PyBytes_AsString(result);
+        if (!tmp) return -1;
+        res_str = strdup(tmp);
     } else if (PyTuple_CheckExact(
         result
                )) {
@@ -254,11 +261,15 @@ int handle_result(
         method
     );
 
-    if (!PyObject_Call(route_log, args, NULL)) {
+    if (!PyObject_Call(
+        route_log,
+        args,
+        NULL
+        )) {
         Py_DECREF(args);
         return -1;
     }
     Py_DECREF(args);
 
     return res;
-}
+}

src/_view/routing.c

@@ -443,7 +443,6 @@ int handle_route_callback(
     if (!dct)
         return -1;
 
-
     coro = PyObject_Vectorcall(
         send,
         (PyObject*[]) { dct },

src/view/__init__.py

@@ -8,19 +8,17 @@
 try:
     import _view
 except ModuleNotFoundError as e:
-    raise ImportError(
-        "_view has not been built, did you forget to compile it?"
-    ) from e
+    raise ImportError("_view has not been built, did you forget to compile it?") from e
 
 # these are re-exports
 from _view import Context, InvalidStatusError
 
 from . import _codec
 from .__about__ import *
 from .app import *
+from .build import *
 from .components import *
 from .default_page import *
-from .build import *
 from .exceptions import *
 from .logging import *
 from .patterns import *

src/view/__main__.py

@@ -116,8 +116,7 @@ def main(ctx: click.Context, debug: bool, version: bool) -> None:
 
 
 @main.group()
-def logs():
-    ...
+def logs(): ...
 
 
 @logs.command()

src/view/_loader.py

@@ -16,12 +16,13 @@
     from typing import _eval_type
 else:
 
-    def _eval_type(*args) -> Any:
-        ...
+    def _eval_type(*args) -> Any: ...
 
 
 import inspect
 
+from typing_extensions import get_origin
+
 from ._logging import Internal
 from ._util import docs_hint, is_annotated, is_union, set_load
 from .exceptions import (DuplicateRouteError, InvalidBodyError,
@@ -38,7 +39,6 @@ def _eval_type(*args) -> Any:
     NotRequired = None
     from typing_extensions import NotRequired as ExtNotRequired
 
-from typing_extensions import get_origin
 
 _NOT_REQUIRED_TYPES: list[Any] = []
 
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ def _build_type_codes(
 
     for tp in inp:
         tps: dict[str, type[Any] | BodyParam]
-    
+
         if is_annotated(tp):
             if doc is None:
                 raise InvalidBodyError(f"Annotated is not valid here ({tp})")
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ def _build_type_codes(
             codes.append((type_code, None, []))
             continue
 
-        if (TypedDict in getattr(tp, "__orig_bases__", [])) or (
+        if (TypedDict in getattr(tp, "__orig_bases__", [])) or (  # type: ignore
             type(tp) == _TypedDictMeta
         ):
             try:
@@ -347,9 +347,7 @@ def __view_construct__(**kwargs):
                 vbody_types = vbody
 
             doc = {}
-            codes.append(
-                (TYPECODE_CLASS, tp, _format_body(vbody_types, doc, tp))
-            )
+            codes.append((TYPECODE_CLASS, tp, _format_body(vbody_types, doc, tp)))
             setattr(tp, "_view_doc", doc)
             continue
 
@@ -363,9 +361,7 @@ def __view_construct__(**kwargs):
             key, value = get_args(tp)
 
             if key is not str:
-                raise InvalidBodyError(
-                    f"dictionary keys must be strings, not {key}"
-                )
+                raise InvalidBodyError(f"dictionary keys must be strings, not {key}")
 
             tp_codes = _build_type_codes((value,))
             codes.append((TYPECODE_DICT, None, tp_codes))
@@ -405,7 +401,7 @@ def _format_inputs(
     return result
 
 
-def finalize(routes: list[Route], app: ViewApp):
+def finalize(routes: Iterable[Route], app: ViewApp):
     """Attach list of routes to an app and validate all parameters.
 
     Args:
@@ -433,9 +429,7 @@ def finalize(routes: list[Route], app: ViewApp):
 
         for step in route.steps or []:
             if step not in app.config.build.steps:
-                raise UnknownBuildStepError(
-                    f"build step {step!r} is not defined"
-                )
+                raise UnknownBuildStepError(f"build step {step!r} is not defined")
 
         if route.method:
             target = targets[route.method]
@@ -444,7 +438,9 @@ def finalize(routes: list[Route], app: ViewApp):
                 for i in route.inputs:
                     if isinstance(i, RouteInput):
                         if i.is_body:
-                            raise InvalidRouteError(f"websocket routes cannot have body inputs")
+                            raise InvalidRouteError(
+                                f"websocket routes cannot have body inputs"
+                            )
         else:
             target = None
 
@@ -466,7 +462,6 @@ def finalize(routes: list[Route], app: ViewApp):
         sig = inspect.signature(route.func)
         route.inputs = [i for i in reversed(route.inputs)]
 
-
         if len(sig.parameters) != len(route.inputs):
             names = [i.name for i in route.inputs if isinstance(i, RouteInput)]
             index = 0
@@ -482,9 +477,7 @@ def finalize(routes: list[Route], app: ViewApp):
                     route.inputs.insert(index, 1)
                     continue
 
-                default = (
-                    v.default if v.default is not inspect._empty else _NoDefault
-                )
+                default = v.default if v.default is not inspect._empty else _NoDefault
 
                 route.inputs.insert(
                     index,
@@ -578,9 +571,7 @@ def load_fs(app: ViewApp, target_dir: Path) -> None:
                     )
                 else:
                     path_obj = Path(path)
-                    stripped = list(
-                        path_obj.parts[len(target_dir.parts) :]
-                    )  # noqa
+                    stripped = list(path_obj.parts[len(target_dir.parts) :])  # noqa
                     if stripped[-1] == "index.py":
                         stripped.pop(len(stripped) - 1)
 
@@ -633,8 +624,7 @@ def load_simple(app: ViewApp, target_dir: Path) -> None:
             for route in mini_routes:
                 if not route.path:
                     raise InvalidRouteError(
-                        "omitting path is only supported"
-                        " on filesystem loading",
+                        "omitting path is only supported" " on filesystem loading",
                     )
 
                 routes.append(route)