fix: using test data sample for catalog example

[korowa]

Which issue does this PR close?

Closes #8041.

Rationale for this change

The purpose of catalog.rs to provide an example of SchemaProvider implementation, so there is no need to use submodule which may contain non-standard / non-readable .parquet files, and .csv with some sample should be enough.

What changes are included in this PR?

Replacing [parquet-]testing submodules usage in catalog example with directories and .csv containing basic sample.

Are these changes tested?

catalog.rs execution now included (back) in the CI script for examples.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No

[alamb]

Thank you @korowa -- this looks like a great improvement

I also tested this PR manually:

andrewlamb@Andrews-MacBook-Pro:~/Software/arrow-datafusion$ cargo run  --example catalog
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.17s
     Running `target/debug/examples/catalog`
[2024-02-28T00:58:41Z INFO  catalog] querying table 2.csv from schema_a
[2024-02-28T00:58:41Z INFO  catalog] query completed
+-----+-------+
| key | value |
+-----+-------+
| 1   | foo   |
| 2   | bar   |
| 3   | baz   |
+-----+-------+
[2024-02-28T00:58:41Z INFO  catalog] querying table 3.csv from schema_a
[2024-02-28T00:58:41Z INFO  catalog] query completed
+-----+-------+
| key | value |
+-----+-------+
| 1   | foo   |
| 2   | bar   |
| 3   | baz   |
+-----+-------+
[2024-02-28T00:58:41Z INFO  catalog] querying table 4.csv from schema_a
[2024-02-28T00:58:41Z INFO  catalog] query completed
+-----+-------+
| key | value |
+-----+-------+
| 1   | foo   |
| 2   | bar   |
| 3   | baz   |
+-----+-------+
[2024-02-28T00:58:41Z INFO  catalog] querying table 1.csv from schema_a
[2024-02-28T00:58:41Z INFO  catalog] query completed
+-----+-------+
| key | value |
+-----+-------+
| 1   | foo   |
| 2   | bar   |
| 3   | baz   |
+-----+-------+
[2024-02-28T00:58:41Z INFO  catalog] querying table 0.csv from schema_a
[2024-02-28T00:58:41Z INFO  catalog] query completed
+-----+-------+
| key | value |
+-----+-------+
| 1   | foo   |
| 2   | bar   |
| 3   | baz   |
+-----+-------+
[2024-02-28T00:58:41Z INFO  catalog] dropping table 2.csv

[alamb]

Thanks again @korowa