catch errors when simplifying cast(lit(...), ...) and bubble those up

datafusion/optimizer/src/simplify_expressions/expr_simplifier.rs

@@ -571,7 +571,18 @@ impl TreeNodeRewriter for ConstEvaluator<'_> {
                 ConstSimplifyResult::NotSimplified(s, m) => {
                     Ok(Transformed::no(Expr::Literal(s, m)))
                 }
-                ConstSimplifyResult::SimplifyRuntimeError(_, expr) => {
+                ConstSimplifyResult::SimplifyRuntimeError(err, expr) => {
+                    // For CAST expressions with literal inputs, propagate the error at plan time rather than deferring to execution time.
+                    // This provides clearer error messages and fails fast.
+                    if let Expr::Cast(Cast { ref expr, .. })
+                    | Expr::TryCast(TryCast { ref expr, .. }) = expr
+                    {
+                        if matches!(expr.as_ref(), Expr::Literal(_, _)) {
+                            return Err(err);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // For other expressions (like CASE, COALESCE), preserve the original
+                    // to allow short-circuit evaluation at execution time
                     Ok(Transformed::yes(expr))
                 }
             },
@@ -4968,6 +4979,56 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn simplify_cast_literal() {
+        // Test that CAST(literal) expressions are evaluated at plan time
+
+        // CAST(123 AS Int64) should become 123i64
+        let expr = Expr::Cast(Cast::new(Box::new(lit(123i32)), DataType::Int64));
+        let expected = lit(123i64);
+        assert_eq!(simplify(expr), expected);
+
+        // CAST(1761630189642 AS Timestamp(Nanosecond, Some("+00:00")))
+        // Integer to timestamp cast
+        let expr = Expr::Cast(Cast::new(
+            Box::new(lit(1761630189642i64)),
+            DataType::Timestamp(
+                arrow::datatypes::TimeUnit::Nanosecond,
+                Some("+00:00".into()),
+            ),
+        ));
+        // Should evaluate to a timestamp literal
+        let result = simplify(expr);
+        match result {
+            Expr::Literal(ScalarValue::TimestampNanosecond(Some(val), tz), _) => {
+                assert_eq!(val, 1761630189642i64);
+                assert_eq!(tz.as_deref(), Some("+00:00"));
+            }
+            other => panic!("Expected TimestampNanosecond literal, got: {other:?}"),
+        }
+
+        // Test CAST of invalid string to timestamp - should return an error at plan time
+        // This represents the case from the issue: CAST(Utf8("1761630189642") AS Timestamp)
+        // "1761630189642" is NOT a valid timestamp string format
+        let expr = Expr::Cast(Cast::new(
+            Box::new(lit("1761630189642")),
+            DataType::Timestamp(
+                arrow::datatypes::TimeUnit::Nanosecond,
+                Some("+00:00".into()),
+            ),
+        ));
+
+        // The simplification should now fail with an error at plan time
+        let schema = test_schema();
+        let props = ExecutionProps::new();
+        let simplifier =
+            ExprSimplifier::new(SimplifyContext::new(&props).with_schema(schema));
+        let result = simplifier.simplify(expr);
+        assert!(result.is_err(), "Expected error for invalid cast");
+        let err_msg = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
+        assert_contains!(err_msg, "Error parsing timestamp");
+    }
+
     fn if_not_null(expr: Expr, then: bool) -> Expr {
         Expr::Case(Case {
             expr: Some(expr.is_not_null().into()),

datafusion/sqllogictest/test_files/arrow_typeof.slt

@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ select arrow_cast(interval '30 minutes', 'Duration(Second)');
 ----
 0 days 0 hours 30 mins 0 secs
 
-query error DataFusion error: This feature is not implemented: Unsupported CAST from Utf8 to Duration\(s\)
+query error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*This feature is not implemented: Unsupported CAST from Utf8 to Duration\(s\)
 select arrow_cast('30 minutes', 'Duration(Second)');
 
 
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ select arrow_cast(timestamp '2000-01-01T00:00:00Z', 'Timestamp(Nanosecond, Some(
 ----
 2000-01-01T00:00:00+08:00
 
-statement error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Parser error: Invalid timezone "\+25:00": failed to parse timezone
+statement error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*Arrow error: Parser error: Invalid timezone "\+25:00": failed to parse timezone
 select arrow_cast(timestamp '2000-01-01T00:00:00', 'Timestamp(Nanosecond, Some( "+25:00" ))');
 
 
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ select arrow_cast([1], 'FixedSizeList(1, Int64)');
 ----
 [1]
 
-query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast to FixedSizeList\(4\): value at index 0 has length 3
+query error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast to FixedSizeList\(4\): value at index 0 has length 3
 select arrow_cast(make_array(1, 2, 3), 'FixedSizeList(4, Int64)');
 
 query ?

datafusion/sqllogictest/test_files/cte.slt

@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ WITH RECURSIVE my_cte AS (
 
 # Test issue: https://github.com/apache/datafusion/issues/9794
 # Non-recursive term and recursive term have different types, and cannot be casted
-query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'abc' to value of Int64 type
+query error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'abc' to value of Int64 type
 WITH RECURSIVE my_cte AS (
     SELECT 1 AS a
     UNION ALL

datafusion/sqllogictest/test_files/errors.slt

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ SELECT
    LIMIT 5;
 
 
-query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'foo' to value of Int64 type
+query error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'foo' to value of Int64 type
 create table foo as values (1), ('foo');
 
 query error DataFusion error: Error during planning: Substring without for/from is not valid

datafusion/sqllogictest/test_files/map.slt

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ SELECT MAKE_MAP('POST', 41, 'HEAD', 53, 'PATCH', 30);
 ----
 {POST: 41, HEAD: 53, PATCH: 30}
 
-query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'ab' to value of Int64 type
+query error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'ab' to value of Int64 type
 SELECT MAKE_MAP('POST', 41, 'HEAD', 'ab', 'PATCH', 30);
 
 # Map keys can not be NULL
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ SELECT MAP { 'a': 1, 'b': 3 };
 ----
 {a: 1, b: 3}
 
-query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'a' to value of Int64 type
+query error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'a' to value of Int64 type
 SELECT MAP { 'a': 1, 2: 3 };
 
 # accessing map with non-string key
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ SELECT map_entries(MAP { 'a': 1, 'b': 3 });
 ----
 [{key: a, value: 1}, {key: b, value: 3}]
 
-query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'a' to value of Int64 type
+query error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'a' to value of Int64 type
 SELECT map_entries(MAP { 'a': 1, 2: 3 });
 
 query ?
@@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ SELECT map_keys(MAP { 'a': 1, 'b': 3 });
 ----
 [a, b]
 
-query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'a' to value of Int64 type
+query error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'a' to value of Int64 type
 SELECT map_keys(MAP { 'a': 1, 2: 3 });
 
 query ?
@@ -768,7 +768,7 @@ NULL
 
 # Tests for map_values
 
-query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'a' to value of Int64 type
+query error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'a' to value of Int64 type
 SELECT map_values(MAP { 'a': 1, 2: 3 });
 
 query ?

datafusion/sqllogictest/test_files/nullif.slt

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ select nullif(1.0, 2);
 ----
 1
 
-query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'a' to value of Int64 type
+query error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'a' to value of Int64 type
 select nullif(2, 'a');
 
 query T

datafusion/sqllogictest/test_files/select.slt

@@ -1775,7 +1775,7 @@ DROP TABLE test;
 query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Parser error: Error parsing timestamp from 'I AM NOT A TIMESTAMP': error parsing date
 SELECT to_timestamp('I AM NOT A TIMESTAMP');
 
-query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string '' to value of Int32 type
+query error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string '' to value of Int32 type
 SELECT CAST('' AS int);
 
 # See issue: https://github.com/apache/datafusion/issues/8978

datafusion/sqllogictest/test_files/struct.slt

@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ Struct("r": nullable Utf8, "c": nullable Float64)
 statement ok
 drop table t;
 
-query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'a' to value of Float64 type
+query error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'a' to value of Float64 type
 create table t as values({r: 'a', c: 1}), ({c: 2.3, r: 'b'});
 
 ##################################
@@ -554,14 +554,14 @@ statement ok
 drop table t;
 
 # row() with incorrect order
-statement error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'blue' to value of Float32 type
-create table t(a struct(r varchar, c int), b struct(r varchar, c float)) as values 
+statement error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'blue' to value of Float32 type
+create table t(a struct(r varchar, c int), b struct(r varchar, c float)) as values
     (row('red', 1), row(2.3, 'blue')),
     (row('purple', 1), row('green', 2.3));
 
 # out of order struct literal
 # TODO: This query should not fail
-statement error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'b' to value of Int32 type
+statement error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'b' to value of Int32 type
 create table t(a struct(r varchar, c int)) as values ({r: 'a', c: 1}), ({c: 2, r: 'b'});
 
 ##################################

datafusion/sqllogictest/test_files/timestamps.slt

@@ -691,11 +691,11 @@ select
 ----
 08:09:10.123456789 13:14:15.123456 13:14:15.123 13:14:15
 
-query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'not a time' to value of Time64\(ns\) type
+query error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string 'not a time' to value of Time64\(ns\) type
 SELECT TIME 'not a time' as time;
 
 # invalid time
-query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string '24:01:02' to value of Time64\(ns\) type
+query error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*Arrow error: Cast error: Cannot cast string '24:01:02' to value of Time64\(ns\) type
 SELECT TIME '24:01:02' as time;
 
 # invalid timezone
@@ -3271,7 +3271,7 @@ statement error The to_local_time function can only accept Timestamp as the arg
 select to_local_time('2024-04-01T00:00:20Z');
 
 # invalid timezone
-statement error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Parser error: Invalid timezone "Europe/timezone": failed to parse timezone
+statement error DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed[\s\S]*Arrow error: Parser error: Invalid timezone "Europe/timezone": failed to parse timezone
 select to_local_time('2024-04-01T00:00:20Z'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/timezone');
 
 # valid query