Resolve ImportError due to mutual imports

docs/quickstart_and_tutorials/tutorials/model_building/preloaded_models/leauthaud11_composite_model.rst

@@ -6,32 +6,32 @@ Leauthaud et al. (2011) Composite Model
 
 .. currentmodule:: halotools.empirical_models
 
-This section of the documentation describes the basic behavior of 
-the ``leauthaud11`` composite HOD model. To see how this composite 
-model is built by the `~halotools.empirical_models.PrebuiltHodModelFactory` class, 
-see `~halotools.empirical_models.leauthaud11_model_dictionary`. 
+This section of the documentation describes the basic behavior of
+the ``leauthaud11`` composite HOD model. To see how this composite
+model is built by the `~halotools.empirical_models.PrebuiltHodModelFactory` class,
+see `~halotools.empirical_models.leauthaud11_model_dictionary`.
 
 Overview of the Leauthaud et al. (2011) Model Features
 ========================================================
-This HOD-style model is based on Leauthaud et al. (2011), arXiv:1103.2077. 
-The behavior of this model is governed by an assumed underlying stellar-to-halo-mass relation. 
-
-There are two populations, centrals and satellites. 
-Central occupation statistics are given by a nearest integer distribution 
-with first moment given by an ``erf`` function; the class governing this 
-behavior is `~halotools.empirical_models.Leauthaud11Cens`. 
-Central galaxies are assumed to reside at the exact center of the host halo; 
-the class governing this behavior is `~halotools.empirical_models.TrivialPhaseSpace`. 
-
-Satellite occupation statistics are given by a Poisson distribution 
-with first moment given by a power law that has been truncated at the low-mass end; 
-the class governing this behavior is `~halotools.empirical_models.Leauthaud11Sats`; 
-satellites in this model follow an (unbiased) NFW profile, as governed by the 
-`~halotools.empirical_models.NFWPhaseSpace` class. 
-
-Building the Leauthaud et al. (2011) Model 
+This HOD-style model is based on Leauthaud et al. (2011), arXiv:1103.2077.
+The behavior of this model is governed by an assumed underlying stellar-to-halo-mass relation.
+
+There are two populations, centrals and satellites.
+Central occupation statistics are given by a nearest integer distribution
+with first moment given by an ``erf`` function; the class governing this
+behavior is `~halotools.empirical_models.Leauthaud11Cens`.
+Central galaxies are assumed to reside at the exact center of the host halo;
+the class governing this behavior is `~halotools.empirical_models.TrivialPhaseSpace`.
+
+Satellite occupation statistics are given by a Poisson distribution
+with first moment given by a power law that has been truncated at the low-mass end;
+the class governing this behavior is `~halotools.empirical_models.Leauthaud11Sats`;
+satellites in this model follow an (unbiased) NFW profile, as governed by the
+`~halotools.empirical_models.NFWPhaseSpace` class.
+
+Building the Leauthaud et al. (2011) Model
 ============================================
-You can build an instance of this model using the 
+You can build an instance of this model using the
 `~halotools.empirical_models.PrebuiltHodModelFactory` class as follows:
 
 >>> from halotools.empirical_models import PrebuiltHodModelFactory
@@ -41,55 +41,55 @@ You can build an instance of this model using the
 Customizing the Leauthaud et al. (2011) Model
 =================================================
 
-There are two keyword arguments you can use to customize 
+There are two keyword arguments you can use to customize
 the instance returned by the factory:
 
-First, the ``threshold`` keyword argument pertains to the minimum 
+First, the ``threshold`` keyword argument pertains to the minimum
 stellar mass of the galaxy sample, in logarithmic units of Msun in h=1 units:
 
 >>> model = PrebuiltHodModelFactory('leauthaud11', threshold = 10.75)
 
-Second, the ``redshift`` keyword argument must be set to the redshift of the 
-halo catalog you might populate with this model. 
+Second, the ``redshift`` keyword argument must be set to the redshift of the
+halo catalog you might populate with this model.
 
 >>> model = PrebuiltHodModelFactory('leauthaud11', threshold = 11, redshift = 2)
 
-It is not permissible to dynamically change the ``threshold`` and ``redshift`` 
-of the model instance. If you want to explore the effects of different 
-thresholds and redshifts, you should instantiate multiple models. 
+It is not permissible to dynamically change the ``threshold`` and ``redshift``
+of the model instance. If you want to explore the effects of different
+thresholds and redshifts, you should instantiate multiple models.
 
-As described in :ref:`altering_param_dict`, you can always change the model parameters 
-after instantiation by changing the values in the ``param_dict`` dictionary. For example, 
+As described in :ref:`altering_param_dict`, you can always change the model parameters
+after instantiation by changing the values in the ``param_dict`` dictionary. For example,
 
 >>> model.param_dict['alphasat'] = 1.1
 
-The above line of code changes the power law slope between 
-halo mass and satellite occupation number, :math:`\langle N_{\rm sat} \rangle \propto M_{\rm halo}^{\alpha}`. 
-See :ref:`leauthaud11_parameters` for a description of all parameters of this model. 
+The above line of code changes the power law slope between
+halo mass and satellite occupation number, :math:`\langle N_{\rm sat} \rangle \propto M_{\rm halo}^{\alpha}`.
+See :ref:`leauthaud11_parameters` for a description of all parameters of this model.
 
 Populating Mocks and Generating Leauthaud et al. (2011) Model Predictions
 ===========================================================================
 
-As with any Halotools composite model, the model instance 
-can populate N-body simulations with mock galaxy catalogs. 
-In the following, we'll show how to do this 
-with fake simulation data via the ``halocat`` argument. 
+As with any Halotools composite model, the model instance
+can populate N-body simulations with mock galaxy catalogs.
+In the following, we'll show how to do this
+with fake simulation data via the ``halocat`` argument.
 
 >>> from halotools.sim_manager import FakeSim
 >>> halocat = FakeSim()
 >>> model = PrebuiltHodModelFactory('leauthaud11')
->>> model.populate_mock(halocat = halocat) 
+>>> model.populate_mock(halocat)  # doctest: +SKIP
 
-See `ModelFactory.populate_mock` for information about how to  
-populate your model into different simulations.  
-See :ref:`galaxy_catalog_analysis_tutorial` for a sequence of worked examples 
-on how to use the `~halotools.mock_observables` sub-package 
-to study a wide range of astronomical statistics predicted by your model. 
+See `ModelFactory.populate_mock` for information about how to
+populate your model into different simulations.
+See :ref:`galaxy_catalog_analysis_tutorial` for a sequence of worked examples
+on how to use the `~halotools.mock_observables` sub-package
+to study a wide range of astronomical statistics predicted by your model.
 
-Studying the Leauthaud et al. (2011) Model Features 
+Studying the Leauthaud et al. (2011) Model Features
 ======================================================
 
-In addition to populating mocks, the ``leauthaud11`` model also gives you access to 
+In addition to populating mocks, the ``leauthaud11`` model also gives you access to
 its underlying analytical relations. Here are a few examples:
 
 >>> import numpy as np
@@ -114,49 +114,49 @@ Now suppose you wish to know the mean halo mass of a central galaxy with known s
 Parameters of the Leauthaud et al. (2011) model
 =================================================
 
-The best way to learn what the parameters of a model do is to 
-just play with the code: change parameter values, make plots of how the 
-underying analytical relations vary, and also of how the 
-mock observables vary. Here we just give a simple description of the meaning 
-of each parameter. You can also refer to the original 
-Leauthaud et al. (2011) publication, arXiv:1103.2077, and also the original 
-Behroozi et al. (2010) publication, arXiv:1001.0015, 
-for further details. A succinct summary also appears in Section 2.4 of arXiv:1512.03050. 
+The best way to learn what the parameters of a model do is to
+just play with the code: change parameter values, make plots of how the
+underying analytical relations vary, and also of how the
+mock observables vary. Here we just give a simple description of the meaning
+of each parameter. You can also refer to the original
+Leauthaud et al. (2011) publication, arXiv:1103.2077, and also the original
+Behroozi et al. (2010) publication, arXiv:1001.0015,
+for further details. A succinct summary also appears in Section 2.4 of arXiv:1512.03050.
 
 To see how the following parameters are implemented, see `Leauthaud11Cens.mean_occupation` and `Behroozi10SmHm.mean_stellar_mass`.
 
-* param_dict['smhm_m0_0'] - Characteristic stellar mass at redshift-zero in the :math:`\langle M_{\ast} \rangle(M_{\rm halo})` map.  
+* param_dict['smhm_m0_0'] - Characteristic stellar mass at redshift-zero in the :math:`\langle M_{\ast} \rangle(M_{\rm halo})` map.
 
-* param_dict['smhm_m0_a'] - Redshift evolution of the characteristic stellar mass. 
+* param_dict['smhm_m0_a'] - Redshift evolution of the characteristic stellar mass.
 
-* param_dict['smhm_m1_0'] - Characteristic halo mass at redshift-zero in the :math:`\langle M_{\ast} \rangle(M_{\rm halo})` map. 
+* param_dict['smhm_m1_0'] - Characteristic halo mass at redshift-zero in the :math:`\langle M_{\ast} \rangle(M_{\rm halo})` map.
 
-* param_dict['smhm_m1_a'] - Redshift evolution of the characteristic halo mass. 
+* param_dict['smhm_m1_a'] - Redshift evolution of the characteristic halo mass.
 
-* param_dict['smhm_beta_0'] - Low-mass slope at redshift-zero of the :math:`\langle M_{\ast} \rangle(M_{\rm halo})` map. 
+* param_dict['smhm_beta_0'] - Low-mass slope at redshift-zero of the :math:`\langle M_{\ast} \rangle(M_{\rm halo})` map.
 
-* param_dict['smhm_beta_a'] - Redshift evolution of the low-mass slope. 
+* param_dict['smhm_beta_a'] - Redshift evolution of the low-mass slope.
 
-* param_dict['smhm_delta_0'] - High-mass slope at redshift-zero of the :math:`\langle M_{\ast} \rangle(M_{\rm halo})` map. 
+* param_dict['smhm_delta_0'] - High-mass slope at redshift-zero of the :math:`\langle M_{\ast} \rangle(M_{\rm halo})` map.
 
-* param_dict['smhm_delta_a'] - Redshift evolution of the high-mass slope. 
+* param_dict['smhm_delta_a'] - Redshift evolution of the high-mass slope.
 
-* param_dict['smhm_gamma_0'] - Transition between low- and high-mass behavior at redshift-zero of the :math:`\langle M_{\ast} \rangle(M_{\rm halo})` map. 
+* param_dict['smhm_gamma_0'] - Transition between low- and high-mass behavior at redshift-zero of the :math:`\langle M_{\ast} \rangle(M_{\rm halo})` map.
 
-* param_dict['smhm_gamma_a'] - Redshift evolution of the transition. 
+* param_dict['smhm_gamma_a'] - Redshift evolution of the transition.
 
-* param_dict['u'scatter_model_param1'] - Log-normal scatter in the stellar-to-halo mass relation. 
+* param_dict['u'scatter_model_param1'] - Log-normal scatter in the stellar-to-halo mass relation.
 
 To see how the following parameters are implemented, see `Leauthaud11Sats.mean_occupation` and `Behroozi10SmHm.mean_stellar_mass`.
 
-* param_dict['alphasat'] - Power law slope of the relation between halo mass and :math:`\langle N_{\rm sat} \rangle`. 
+* param_dict['alphasat'] - Power law slope of the relation between halo mass and :math:`\langle N_{\rm sat} \rangle`.
 
-* param_dict['betasat'] - Controls the amplitude of the power law slope :math:`\langle N_{\rm sat} \rangle`. 
+* param_dict['betasat'] - Controls the amplitude of the power law slope :math:`\langle N_{\rm sat} \rangle`.
 
-* param_dict['bsat'] - Also controls the amplitude of the power law slope :math:`\langle N_{\rm sat} \rangle`. 
+* param_dict['bsat'] - Also controls the amplitude of the power law slope :math:`\langle N_{\rm sat} \rangle`.
 
-* param_dict['betacut'] - Controls the low-mass cutoff of :math:`\langle N_{\rm sat} \rangle`. 
+* param_dict['betacut'] - Controls the low-mass cutoff of :math:`\langle N_{\rm sat} \rangle`.
 
-* param_dict['bcut'] - Also controls the low-mass cutoff of :math:`\langle N_{\rm sat} \rangle`. 
+* param_dict['bcut'] - Also controls the low-mass cutoff of :math:`\langle N_{\rm sat} \rangle`.