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Configuration
HikariCP comes with sane defaults that perform well in most deployments without additional tweaking. Every property is optional, except for the "essentials" marked below.
📎 HikariCP uses milliseconds for all time values.
🔠dataSourceClassName
This is the name of the DataSource class provided by the JDBC driver. Consult the
documentation for your specific JDBC driver to get this class name, or see the table below.
Note XA data sources are not supported. XA requires a real transaction manager like
bitronix. Note that you do not need this property if you are using
jdbcUrl for "old-school" DriverManager-based JDBC driver configuration.
Default: none
- or -
🔠jdbcUrl
This property directs HikariCP to use "DriverManager-based" configuration. We feel that DataSource-based
configuration (above) is superior for a variety of reasons (see below), but for many deployments there is
little significant difference. When using this property with "old" drivers, you may also need to set
the driverClassName property, but try it first without. Note that if this property is used, you may
still use DataSource properties to configure your driver and is in fact recommended over driver parameters
specified in the URL itself.
Default: none
🔠username
This property sets the default authentication username used when obtaining Connections from
the underlying driver. Note that for DataSources this works in a very deterministic fashion by
calling DataSource.getConnection(*username*, password) on the underlying DataSource. However,
for Driver-based configurations, every driver is different. In the case of Driver-based, HikariCP
will use this username property to set a user property in the Properties passed to the
driver's DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, props) call. If this is not what you need,
skip this method entirely and call addDataSourceProperty("username", ...), for example.
Default: none
🔠password
This property sets the default authentication password used when obtaining Connections from
the underlying driver. Note that for DataSources this works in a very deterministic fashion by
calling DataSource.getConnection(username, *password*) on the underlying DataSource. However,
for Driver-based configurations, every driver is different. In the case of Driver-based, HikariCP
will use this password property to set a password property in the Properties passed to the
driver's DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, props) call. If this is not what you need,
skip this method entirely and call addDataSourceProperty("pass", ...), for example.
Default: none
✅autoCommit
This property controls the default auto-commit behavior of connections returned from the pool.
It is a boolean value.
Default: true
⌚connectionTimeout
This property controls the maximum number of milliseconds that a client (that's you) will wait
for a connection from the pool. If this time is exceeded without a connection becoming
available, a SQLException will be thrown. 1000ms is the minimum value.
Default: 30000 (30 seconds)
⌚idleTimeout
This property controls the maximum amount of time that a connection is allowed to sit idle in the
pool. Whether a connection is retired as idle or not is subject to a maximum variation of +30
seconds, and average variation of +15 seconds. A connection will never be retired as idle before
this timeout. A value of 0 means that idle connections are never removed from the pool.
Default: 600000 (10 minutes)
⌚maxLifetime
This property controls the maximum lifetime of a connection in the pool. When a connection
reaches this timeout it will be retired from the pool, subject to a maximum variation of +30
seconds. An in-use connection will never be retired, only when it is closed will it then be
removed. We strongly recommend setting this value, and it should be at least 30 seconds less
than any database-level connection timeout. A value of 0 indicates no maximum lifetime
(infinite lifetime), subject of course to the idleTimeout setting.
Default: 1800000 (30 minutes)
🔠connectionTestQuery
If your driver supports JDBC4 we strongly recommend not setting this property. This is for
"legacy" databases that do not support the JDBC4 Connection.isValid() API. This is the query that
will be executed just before a connection is given to you from the pool to validate that the
connection to the database is still alive. Again, try running the pool without this property,
HikariCP will log an error if your driver is not JDBC4 compliant to let you know.
Default: none
🔢minimumIdle
This property controls the minimum number of idle connections that HikariCP tries to maintain
in the pool. If the idle connections dip below this value, HikariCP will make a best effort to
add additional connections quickly and efficiently. However, for maximum performance and
responsiveness to spike demands, we recommend not setting this value and instead allowing
HikariCP to act as a fixed size connection pool.
Default: same as maximumPoolSize
🔢maximumPoolSize
This property controls the maximum size that the pool is allowed to reach, including both
idle and in-use connections. Basically this value will determine the maximum number of
actual connections to the database backend. A reasonable value for this is best determined
by your execution environment. When the pool reaches this size, and no idle connections are
available, calls to getConnection() will block for up to connectionTimeout milliseconds
before timing out.
Default: 10
📈metricRegistry
This property is only available via programmatic configuration or IoC container. This property
allows you to specify an instance of a Codahale/Dropwizard MetricRegistry to be used by the
pool to record various metrics. See the Metrics
wiki page for details.
Default: none
📈healthCheckRegistry
This property is only available via programmatic configuration or IoC container. This property
allows you to specify an instance of a Codahale/Dropwizard HealthCheckRegistry to be used by the
pool to report current health information. See the Health Checks
wiki page for details.
Default: none
🔠poolName
This property represents a user-defined name for the connection pool and appears mainly
in logging and JMX management consoles to identify pools and pool configurations.
Default: auto-generated
✅initializationFailFast
This property controls whether the pool will "fail fast" if the pool cannot be seeded with
initial connections successfully. If you want your application to start even when the
database is down/unavailable, set this property to false.
Default: true
❎isolateInternalQueries
This property determines whether HikariCP isolates internal pool queries, such as the
connection alive test, in their own transaction. Since these are typically read-only
queries, it is rarely necessary to encapsulate them in their own transaction. This
property only applies if autoCommit is disabled.
Default: false
❎allowPoolSuspension
This property controls whether the pool can be suspended and resumed through JMX. This is
useful for certain failover automation scenarios. When the pool is suspended, calls to
getConnection() will not timeout and will be held until the pool is resumed.
Default: false
❎readOnly
This property controls whether Connections obtained from the pool are in read-only mode by
default. Note some databases do not support the concept of read-only mode, while others provide
query optimizations when the Connection is set to read-only. Whether you need this property
or not will depend largely on your application and database.
Default: false
❎registerMbeans
This property controls whether or not JMX Management Beans ("MBeans") are registered or not.
Default: false
🔠catalog
This property sets the default catalog for databases that support the concept of catalogs.
If this property is not specified, the default catalog defined by the JDBC driver is used.
Default: driver default
🔠connectionInitSql
This property sets a SQL statement that will be executed after every new connection creation
before adding it to the pool. If this SQL is not valid or throws an exception, it will be
treated as a connection failure and the standard retry logic will be followed.
Default: none
🔠driverClassName
HikariCP will attempt to resolve a driver through the DriverManager based solely on the jdbcUrl,
but for some older drivers the driverClassName must also be specified. Omit this property unless
you get an obvious error message indicating that the driver was not found.
Default: none
🔠transactionIsolation
This property controls the default transaction isolation level of connections returned from
the pool. If this property is not specified, the default transaction isolation level defined
by the JDBC driver is used. Only use this property if you have specific isolation requirements that are
common for all queries. The value of this property is the constant name from the Connection
class such as TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED, TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ, etc.
Default: driver default
⌚validationTimeout
This property controls the maximum amount of time that a connection will be tested for aliveness.
This value must be less than the connectionTimeout. The lowest accepted validation timeout is
1000ms (1 second).
Default: 5000
⌚leakDetectionThreshold
This property controls the amount of time that a connection can be out of the pool before a
message is logged indicating a possible connection leak. A value of 0 means leak detection
is disabled. Lowest acceptable value for enabling leak detection is 2000 (2 secs).
Default: 0
➡dataSource
This property is only available via programmatic configuration or IoC container. This property
allows you to directly set the instance of the DataSource to be wrapped by the pool, rather than
having HikariCP construct it via reflection. This can be useful in some dependency injection
frameworks. When this property is specified, the dataSourceClassName property and all
DataSource-specific properties will be ignored.
Default: none
➡threadFactory
This property is only available via programmatic configuration or IoC container. This property
allows you to set the instance of the java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory that will be used
for creating all threads used by the pool. It is needed in some restricted execution environments
where threads can only be created through a ThreadFactory provided by the application container.
Default: none
You can use the HikariConfig class like so:
HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
config.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/simpsons");
config.setUsername("bart");
config.setPassword("51mp50n");
config.addDataSourceProperty("cachePrepStmts", "true");
config.addDataSourceProperty("prepStmtCacheSize", "250");
config.addDataSourceProperty("prepStmtCacheSqlLimit", "2048");
HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);or directly instantiate a HikariDataSource like so:
HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource();
ds.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/simpsons");
ds.setUsername("bart");
ds.setPassword("51mp50n");
...or property file based:
HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig("some/path/hikari.properties");
HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);Example property file:
dataSourceClassName=org.postgresql.ds.PGSimpleDataSource
dataSource.user=test
dataSource.password=test
dataSource.databaseName=mydb
dataSource.serverName=localhostor java.util.Properties based:
Properties props = new Properties();
props.setProperty("dataSourceClassName", "org.postgresql.ds.PGSimpleDataSource");
props.setProperty("dataSource.user", "test");
props.setProperty("dataSource.password", "test");
props.setProperty("dataSource.databaseName", "mydb");
props.put("dataSource.logWriter", new PrintWriter(System.out));
HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig(props);
HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);There is also a System property available, hikaricp.configurationFile, that can be used to specify the
location of a properties file. If you intend to use this option, construct a HikariConfig or HikariDataSource
instance using the default constructor and the properties file will be loaded.
We recommended using dataSourceClassName instead of jdbcUrl, but both are acceptable. We'll say that again, both are acceptable. Note: Spring Boot auto-configuration users, you need to use jdbcUrl-based configuration.
Here is a list of JDBC DataSource classes for popular databases:
| Database | Driver | DataSource class |
|---|---|---|
| Apache Derby | Derby | org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDataSource |
| Firebird | Jaybird | org.firebirdsql.pool.FBSimpleDataSource |
| IBM DB2 | DB2 | com.ibm.db2.jcc.DB2SimpleDataSource |
| H2 | H2 | org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource |
| HSQLDB | HSQLDB | org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDataSource |
| MariaDB & MySQL | MariaDB | org.mariadb.jdbc.MySQLDataSource |
| MySQL | Connector/J | com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource |
| MS SQL Server | Microsoft | com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDataSource |
| Oracle | Oracle | oracle.jdbc.pool.OracleDataSource |
| PostgreSQL | pgjdbc-ng | com.impossibl.postgres.jdbc.PGDataSource |
| PostgreSQL | PostgreSQL | org.postgresql.ds.PGSimpleDataSource |
| SyBase | jConnect | com.sybase.jdbcx.SybDataSource |