Initialize Swift learning repository with comprehensive examples and tests

Package.swift

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+// swift-tools-version: 6.2
+// The swift-tools-version declares the minimum version of Swift required to build this package.
+
+import PackageDescription
+
+let package = Package(
+    name: "HelloSwift",
+    targets: [
+        // Targets are the basic building blocks of a package, defining a module or a test suite.
+        // Targets can depend on other targets in this package and products from dependencies.
+        .executableTarget(
+            name: "HelloSwift"
+        ),
+        .testTarget(
+            name: "HelloSwiftTests",
+            dependencies: []
+        ),
+    ]
+)

README.md

@@ -1 +1,77 @@
-# helloswift
+# HelloSwift - Learn Swift Programming
+
+A comprehensive learning repository for Swift programming language basics.
+
+## About
+
+This repository contains examples covering fundamental Swift concepts including:
+
+- **Basic Syntax** - Introduction to Swift's syntax and print statements
+- **Variables and Constants** - Understanding `var` and `let`
+- **Data Types** - Common types like Int, Double, Bool, String, Character
+- **Control Flow** - if-else statements, switch cases, loops (for, while)
+- **Functions** - Defining functions with parameters and return values
+- **Optionals** - Working with optional values and safe unwrapping
+- **Collections** - Arrays, Dictionaries, and Sets
+- **Closures** - Anonymous functions and functional programming
+- **Structs and Classes** - Value types vs reference types
+
+## Requirements
+
+- Swift 6.2 or later
+- Swift Package Manager (comes with Swift)
+
+## Getting Started
+
+### Building the project
+
+```bash
+swift build
+```
+
+### Running the examples
+
+```bash
+swift run
+```
+
+This will execute all the learning examples and display the output for each concept.
+
+## Project Structure
+
+```
+HelloSwift/
+├── Package.swift                    # Swift Package Manager configuration
+├── Sources/
+│   └── HelloSwift/
+│       └── HelloSwift.swift        # Main file with all examples
+└── README.md                       # This file
+```
+
+## Learning Path
+
+The examples are organized in a logical learning sequence:
+
+1. Start with Basic Syntax to understand print statements
+2. Learn about Variables and Constants
+3. Explore different Data Types
+4. Master Control Flow with conditionals and loops
+5. Create reusable code with Functions
+6. Handle missing values with Optionals
+7. Work with Collections of data
+8. Write concise code with Closures
+9. Build custom types with Structs and Classes
+
+## Resources
+
+- [Official Swift Documentation](https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/)
+- [Swift.org](https://swift.org/)
+- [Swift Package Manager](https://swift.org/package-manager/)
+
+## Contributing
+
+Feel free to add more examples or improve existing ones!
+
+## License
+
+This is a learning repository and is free to use for educational purposes.

Sources/HelloSwift/HelloSwift.swift

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+// The Swift Programming Language
+// https://docs.swift.org/swift-book
+//
+// This is a learning repository for Swift basics
+// Run with: swift run
+
+@main
+struct HelloSwift {
+    static func main() {
+        print("=== Welcome to Swift Learning! ===\n")
+
+        // Run all examples
+        basicSyntax()
+        variablesAndConstants()
+        dataTypes()
+        controlFlow()
+        functions()
+        optionals()
+        collections()
+        closures()
+        structsAndClasses()
+
+        print("\n=== End of Swift Learning Examples ===")
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Basic Syntax
+    static func basicSyntax() {
+        print("--- Basic Syntax ---")
+        print("Hello, Swift!")
+        print("Swift is a powerful and modern programming language.")
+        print()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Variables and Constants
+    static func variablesAndConstants() {
+        print("--- Variables and Constants ---")
+
+        // Variables (can be changed)
+        var greeting = "Hello"
+        print("Variable: \(greeting)")
+        greeting = "Hi"
+        print("Changed to: \(greeting)")
+
+        // Constants (cannot be changed)
+        let name = "Swift"
+        print("Constant: \(name)")
+
+        // Type annotations
+        let age: Int = 10
+        let version: Double = 6.2
+        print("Age: \(age), Version: \(version)")
+        print()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Data Types
+    static func dataTypes() {
+        print("--- Data Types ---")
+
+        let integer: Int = 42
+        let floatingPoint: Double = 3.14159
+        let boolean: Bool = true
+        let string: String = "Swift"
+        let character: Character = "A"
+
+        print("Integer: \(integer)")
+        print("Double: \(floatingPoint)")
+        print("Boolean: \(boolean)")
+        print("String: \(string)")
+        print("Character: \(character)")
+
+        // String interpolation
+        print("Interpolation: \(integer) is an integer")
+        print()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Control Flow
+    static func controlFlow() {
+        print("--- Control Flow ---")
+
+        // If-else
+        let temperature = 25
+        if temperature > 30 {
+            print("It's hot!")
+        } else if temperature > 20 {
+            print("It's warm!")
+        } else {
+            print("It's cold!")
+        }
+
+        // Switch
+        let fruit = "apple"
+        switch fruit {
+        case "apple":
+            print("It's an apple!")
+        case "banana":
+            print("It's a banana!")
+        default:
+            print("Unknown fruit")
+        }
+
+        // For loop
+        print("Counting 1 to 3:")
+        for i in 1...3 {
+            print("  \(i)")
+        }
+
+        // While loop
+        var count = 0
+        while count < 2 {
+            print("  While count: \(count)")
+            count += 1
+        }
+        print()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Functions
+    static func functions() {
+        print("--- Functions ---")
+
+        func greet(name: String) -> String {
+            return "Hello, \(name)!"
+        }
+
+        func add(a: Int, b: Int) -> Int {
+            return a + b
+        }
+
+        print(greet(name: "Developer"))
+        print("2 + 3 = \(add(a: 2, b: 3))")
+
+        // Function with default parameter
+        func greetWithDefault(name: String = "World") -> String {
+            return "Hi, \(name)!"
+        }
+
+        print(greetWithDefault())
+        print(greetWithDefault(name: "Swift"))
+        print()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Optionals
+    static func optionals() {
+        print("--- Optionals ---")
+
+        // Optional declaration
+        var optionalName: String? = "John"
+        print("Optional with value: \(optionalName ?? "nil")")
+
+        // Optional binding (if let)
+        if let name = optionalName {
+            print("Unwrapped: \(name)")
+        } else {
+            print("Optional is nil")
+        }
+
+        // Nil value
+        optionalName = nil
+        print("Optional set to nil: \(optionalName ?? "nil")")
+
+        // Guard statement
+        func printLength(of string: String?) {
+            guard let str = string else {
+                print("String is nil")
+                return
+            }
+            print("Length: \(str.count)")
+        }
+
+        printLength(of: "Swift")
+        printLength(of: nil)
+        print()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Collections
+    static func collections() {
+        print("--- Collections ---")
+
+        // Arrays
+        var fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
+        print("Array: \(fruits)")
+        fruits.append("grape")
+        print("After append: \(fruits)")
+        print("First fruit: \(fruits[0])")
+
+        // Dictionaries
+        var scores = ["Alice": 95, "Bob": 87, "Charlie": 92]
+        print("Dictionary: \(scores)")
+        scores["David"] = 88
+        print("After adding David: \(scores)")
+
+        // Sets
+        var uniqueNumbers: Set = [1, 2, 3, 3, 4]
+        print("Set (no duplicates): \(uniqueNumbers)")
+        print()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Closures
+    static func closures() {
+        print("--- Closures ---")
+
+        // Closure as a variable
+        let sayHello = { (name: String) -> String in
+            return "Hello, \(name)!"
+        }
+        print(sayHello("Swift"))
+
+        // Closure as parameter
+        let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+        let doubled = numbers.map { $0 * 2 }
+        print("Original: \(numbers)")
+        print("Doubled: \(doubled)")
+
+        let evenNumbers = numbers.filter { $0 % 2 == 0 }
+        print("Even numbers: \(evenNumbers)")
+        print()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Structs and Classes
+    static func structsAndClasses() {
+        print("--- Structs and Classes ---")
+
+        // Struct (value type)
+        struct Person {
+            var name: String
+            var age: Int
+
+            func introduce() -> String {
+                return "Hi, I'm \(name) and I'm \(age) years old."
+            }
+        }
+
+        let person = Person(name: "Alice", age: 30)
+        print(person.introduce())
+
+        // Class (reference type)
+        class Vehicle {
+            var brand: String
+            var year: Int
+
+            init(brand: String, year: Int) {
+                self.brand = brand
+                self.year = year
+            }
+
+            func description() -> String {
+                return "\(year) \(brand)"
+            }
+        }
+
+        let car = Vehicle(brand: "Tesla", year: 2024)
+        print("Vehicle: \(car.description())")
+        print()
+    }
+}