Authors:
- 🧑💻 Jishnu Teja Dandamudi
- 🧑💻 Rama Muni Reddy Yanamala
- 🧑🏫 Anand Kumar V.
Institution: Amrita School of Artificial Intelligence, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
Spark Shield is an Arduino-based autonomous firefighting robot designed to detect, navigate, and extinguish fires in closed environments.
The robot integrates flame sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and a water pump system to perform autonomous fire suppression while avoiding obstacles.
It aims to reduce human intervention in hazardous environments and ensure rapid response during fire emergencies.
✅ Autonomous Fire Detection – Detects flames using multiple sensors.
✅ Smart Navigation – Uses ultrasonic sensors to avoid obstacles.
✅ Automatic Extinguishing – Activates a water pump via relay and servo mechanisms.
✅ Cost-Effective Design – Built with affordable components (Arduino Uno, L298N driver, 5V water pump).
✅ Compact and Portable – Small chassis enables movement in confined spaces.
✅ Future-Ready – Expandable with GSM, GPS, and AI-based fire-type detection.
Core Components:
- Arduino Uno (Microcontroller)
- Flame Sensors (x3)
- Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)
- L298N Motor Driver Module
- 5V Relay Module
- 5V Mini Water Pump
- SG90 Servo Motor
- DC Motors and Chassis
- 9V Power Source
- 🔍 Detection: Flame sensors detect fire up to 1.97 meters.
- 🧭 Navigation: Arduino calculates direction; motors move the robot toward the fire.
- 💧 Action: Relay and servo activate the water pump to spray water for a few seconds.
- 🧠 Decision: The robot halts until another flame is detected.
| Distance (m) | Extinguishing Time (s) | Message Time (s) |
|---|---|---|
| 0.50 | 3.4 | 1.2 |
| 1.00 | 4.2 | 1.5 |
| 2.00 | 5.7 | 2.2 |
Performance Equations:
- 🔸
Text = -0.757D² + 3.530D + 1.633 - 🔸
Tmsg = -0.322D² + 1.544D + 0.382
- Reduces human exposure to fire hazards
- Low power consumption and autonomous control
- Compact, mobile, and easy to deploy
- Highly cost-effective and efficient
- Fast response and high detection accuracy
- Integration of GSM & GPS modules for real-time alerting
- Implementation of AI-based fire classification
- 360° sensor coverage and terrain adaptability
- Development of waterproof and self-balancing chassis
- Use of multiple extinguishing agents (CO₂, foam, etc.)