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samples/damon: implement a DAMON module for memory tiering
Implement a sample DAMON module that shows how self-tuned DAMON-based memory tiering can be written. It is a sample since the purpose is to give an idea about how it can be implemented and perform, rather than be used on general production setups. Especially, it supports only two tiers memory setup having only one CPU-attached NUMA node. [sj@kernel.org: fix wrong DAMON attrs setting] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250510220932.47722-1-sj@kernel.org [sj@kernel.org: trigger build even if only mtier is enabled] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250426184054.11437-1-sj@kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250420194030.75838-8-sj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Yunjeong Mun <yunjeong.mun@sk.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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‎samples/Makefile‎

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@@ -42,4 +42,5 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_FPROBE) += fprobe/
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obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLES_RUST) += rust/
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obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_DAMON_WSSE) += damon/
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obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_DAMON_PRCL) += damon/
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obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_DAMON_MTIER) += damon/
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obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_HUNG_TASK) += hung_task/

‎samples/damon/Kconfig‎

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@@ -27,4 +27,17 @@ config SAMPLE_DAMON_PRCL
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If unsure, say N.
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config SAMPLE_DAMON_MTIER
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bool "DAMON sample module for memory tiering"
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depends on DAMON && DAMON_PADDR
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help
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Thps builds DAMON sample module for memory tierign.
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The module assumes the system is constructed with two NUMA nodes,
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which seems as local and remote nodes to all CPUs. For example,
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node0 is for DDR5 DRAMs connected via DIMM, while node1 is for DDR4
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DRAMs connected via CXL.
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If unsure, say N.
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endmenu

‎samples/damon/Makefile‎

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@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@
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obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_DAMON_WSSE) += wsse.o
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obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_DAMON_PRCL) += prcl.o
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obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_DAMON_MTIER) += mtier.o

‎samples/damon/mtier.c‎

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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/*
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* memory tiering: migrate cold pages in node 0 and hot pages in node 1 to node
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* 1 and node 0, respectively. Adjust the hotness/coldness threshold aiming
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* resulting 99.6 % node 0 utilization ratio.
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*/
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#define pr_fmt(fmt) "damon_sample_mtier: " fmt
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#include <linux/damon.h>
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#include <linux/init.h>
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#include <linux/kernel.h>
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#include <linux/module.h>
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static unsigned long node0_start_addr __read_mostly;
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module_param(node0_start_addr, ulong, 0600);
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static unsigned long node0_end_addr __read_mostly;
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module_param(node0_end_addr, ulong, 0600);
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static unsigned long node1_start_addr __read_mostly;
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module_param(node1_start_addr, ulong, 0600);
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static unsigned long node1_end_addr __read_mostly;
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module_param(node1_end_addr, ulong, 0600);
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static int damon_sample_mtier_enable_store(
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const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
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static const struct kernel_param_ops enable_param_ops = {
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.set = damon_sample_mtier_enable_store,
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.get = param_get_bool,
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};
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static bool enable __read_mostly;
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module_param_cb(enable, &enable_param_ops, &enable, 0600);
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MODULE_PARM_DESC(enable, "Enable of disable DAMON_SAMPLE_MTIER");
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static struct damon_ctx *ctxs[2];
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static struct damon_ctx *damon_sample_mtier_build_ctx(bool promote)
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{
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struct damon_ctx *ctx;
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struct damon_attrs attrs;
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struct damon_target *target;
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struct damon_region *region;
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struct damos *scheme;
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struct damos_quota_goal *quota_goal;
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struct damos_filter *filter;
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ctx = damon_new_ctx();
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if (!ctx)
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return NULL;
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attrs = (struct damon_attrs) {
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.sample_interval = 5 * USEC_PER_MSEC,
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.aggr_interval = 100 * USEC_PER_MSEC,
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.ops_update_interval = 60 * USEC_PER_MSEC * MSEC_PER_SEC,
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.min_nr_regions = 10,
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.max_nr_regions = 1000,
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};
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/*
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* auto-tune sampling and aggregation interval aiming 4% DAMON-observed
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* accesses ratio, keeping sampling interval in [5ms, 10s] range.
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*/
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attrs.intervals_goal = (struct damon_intervals_goal) {
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.access_bp = 400, .aggrs = 3,
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.min_sample_us = 5000, .max_sample_us = 10000000,
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};
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if (damon_set_attrs(ctx, &attrs))
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goto free_out;
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if (damon_select_ops(ctx, DAMON_OPS_PADDR))
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goto free_out;
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target = damon_new_target();
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if (!target)
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goto free_out;
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damon_add_target(ctx, target);
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region = damon_new_region(
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promote ? node1_start_addr : node0_start_addr,
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promote ? node1_end_addr : node0_end_addr);
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if (!region)
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goto free_out;
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damon_add_region(region, target);
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scheme = damon_new_scheme(
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/* access pattern */
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&(struct damos_access_pattern) {
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.min_sz_region = PAGE_SIZE,
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.max_sz_region = ULONG_MAX,
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.min_nr_accesses = promote ? 1 : 0,
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.max_nr_accesses = promote ? UINT_MAX : 0,
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.min_age_region = 0,
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.max_age_region = UINT_MAX},
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/* action */
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promote ? DAMOS_MIGRATE_HOT : DAMOS_MIGRATE_COLD,
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1000000, /* apply interval (1s) */
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&(struct damos_quota){
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/* 200 MiB per sec by most */
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.reset_interval = 1000,
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.sz = 200 * 1024 * 1024,
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/* ignore size of region when prioritizing */
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.weight_sz = 0,
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.weight_nr_accesses = 100,
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.weight_age = 100,
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},
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&(struct damos_watermarks){},
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promote ? 0 : 1); /* migrate target node id */
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if (!scheme)
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goto free_out;
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damon_set_schemes(ctx, &scheme, 1);
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quota_goal = damos_new_quota_goal(
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promote ? DAMOS_QUOTA_NODE_MEM_USED_BP :
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DAMOS_QUOTA_NODE_MEM_FREE_BP,
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promote ? 9970 : 50);
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if (!quota_goal)
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goto free_out;
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quota_goal->nid = 0;
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damos_add_quota_goal(&scheme->quota, quota_goal);
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filter = damos_new_filter(DAMOS_FILTER_TYPE_YOUNG, true, promote);
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if (!filter)
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goto free_out;
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damos_add_filter(scheme, filter);
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return ctx;
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free_out:
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damon_destroy_ctx(ctx);
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return NULL;
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}
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static int damon_sample_mtier_start(void)
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{
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struct damon_ctx *ctx;
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ctx = damon_sample_mtier_build_ctx(true);
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if (!ctx)
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return -ENOMEM;
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ctxs[0] = ctx;
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ctx = damon_sample_mtier_build_ctx(false);
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if (!ctx) {
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damon_destroy_ctx(ctxs[0]);
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return -ENOMEM;
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}
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ctxs[1] = ctx;
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return damon_start(ctxs, 2, true);
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}
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static void damon_sample_mtier_stop(void)
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{
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damon_stop(ctxs, 2);
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damon_destroy_ctx(ctxs[0]);
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damon_destroy_ctx(ctxs[1]);
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}
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static int damon_sample_mtier_enable_store(
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const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
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{
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bool enabled = enable;
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int err;
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err = kstrtobool(val, &enable);
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if (err)
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return err;
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if (enable == enabled)
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return 0;
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if (enable)
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return damon_sample_mtier_start();
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damon_sample_mtier_stop();
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return 0;
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}
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static int __init damon_sample_mtier_init(void)
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{
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return 0;
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}
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module_init(damon_sample_mtier_init);

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