compiler_types: Define __percpu as __attribute__((btf_type_tag("percpu")))

This is similar to commit 7472d5a ("compiler_types: define __user as
__attribute__((btf_type_tag("user")))"), where a type tag "user" was
introduced to identify the pointers that point to user memory. With that
change, the newest compile toolchain can encode __user information into
vmlinux BTF, which can be used by the BPF verifier to enforce safe
program behaviors.

Similarly, we have __percpu attribute, which is mainly used to indicate
memory is allocated in percpu region. The __percpu pointers in kernel
are supposed to be used together with functions like per_cpu_ptr() and
this_cpu_ptr(), which perform necessary calculation on the pointer's
base address. Without the btf_type_tag introduced in this patch,
__percpu pointers will be treated as regular memory pointers in vmlinux
BTF and BPF programs are allowed to directly dereference them, generating
incorrect behaviors. Now with "percpu" btf_type_tag, the BPF verifier is
able to differentiate __percpu pointers from regular pointers and forbids
unexpected behaviors like direct load.

The following is an example similar to the one given in commit
7472d5a:

  [$ ~] cat test.c
  #define __percpu __attribute__((btf_type_tag("percpu")))
  int foo(int __percpu *arg) {
  	return *arg;
  }
  [$ ~] clang -O2 -g -c test.c
  [$ ~] pahole -JV test.o
  ...
  File test.o:
  [1] INT int size=4 nr_bits=32 encoding=SIGNED
  [2] TYPE_TAG percpu type_id=1
  [3] PTR (anon) type_id=2
  [4] FUNC_PROTO (anon) return=1 args=(3 arg)
  [5] FUNC foo type_id=4
  [$ ~]

for the function argument "int __percpu *arg", its type is described as
	PTR -> TYPE_TAG(percpu) -> INT
The kernel can use this information for bpf verification or other
use cases.

Like commit 7472d5a, this feature requires clang (>= clang14) and
pahole (>= 1.23).

Signed-off-by: Hao Luo <haoluo@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20220304191657.981240-3-haoluo@google.com

Author: haoluo1022

include/linux/compiler_types.h

@@ -38,7 +38,12 @@ static inline void __chk_io_ptr(const volatile void __iomem *ptr) { }
 #  define __user
 # endif
 # define __iomem
-# define __percpu
+# if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF) && defined(CONFIG_PAHOLE_HAS_BTF_TAG) && \
+	__has_attribute(btf_type_tag)
+#  define __percpu	__attribute__((btf_type_tag("percpu")))
+# else
+#  define __percpu
+# endif
 # define __rcu
 # define __chk_user_ptr(x)	(void)0
 # define __chk_io_ptr(x)	(void)0