Increase Kestrel's default HTTP/2 upload window sizes

src/Servers/Kestrel/Core/src/Http2Limits.cs

@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ public class Http2Limits
     private int _headerTableSize = (int)Http2PeerSettings.DefaultHeaderTableSize;
     private int _maxFrameSize = (int)Http2PeerSettings.DefaultMaxFrameSize;
     private int _maxRequestHeaderFieldSize = (int)Http2PeerSettings.DefaultMaxFrameSize;
-    private int _initialConnectionWindowSize = 1024 * 128; // Larger than the default 64kb, and larger than any one single stream.
-    private int _initialStreamWindowSize = 1024 * 96; // Larger than the default 64kb
+    private int _initialConnectionWindowSize = 1024 * 1024; // Equal to SocketTransportOptions.MaxReadBufferSize and larger than any one single stream.
+    private int _initialStreamWindowSize = 768 * 1024; // Larger than the default 64kb and able to use most (3/4ths) of the connection window by itself.
     private TimeSpan _keepAlivePingDelay = TimeSpan.MaxValue;
     private TimeSpan _keepAlivePingTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(20);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Limits the number of concurrent request streams per HTTP/2 connection. Excess streams will be refused.
     /// <para>
-    /// Value must be greater than 0, defaults to 100.
+    /// Value must be greater than 0, defaults to 100 streams.
     /// </para>
     /// </summary>
     public int MaxStreamsPerConnection
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public int MaxStreamsPerConnection
     /// <summary>
     /// Limits the size of the header compression tables, in octets, the HPACK encoder and decoder on the server can use.
     /// <para>
-    /// Value must be greater than or equal to 0, defaults to 4096.
+    /// Value must be greater than or equal to 0, defaults to 4096 octets (4 KiB).
     /// </para>
     /// </summary>
     public int HeaderTableSize
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public int HeaderTableSize
     /// <summary>
     /// Indicates the size of the largest frame payload that is allowed to be received, in octets. The size must be between 2^14 and 2^24-1.
     /// <para>
-    /// Value must be between 2^14 and 2^24, defaults to 2^14 (16,384).
+    /// Value must be between 2^14 and 2^24, defaults to 2^14 octets (16 KiB).
     /// </para>
     /// </summary>
     public int MaxFrameSize
@@ -82,9 +82,9 @@ public int MaxFrameSize
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Indicates the size of the maximum allowed size of a request header field sequence. This limit applies to both name and value sequences in their compressed and uncompressed representations.
+    /// Indicates the size of the maximum allowed size of a request header field sequence, in octets. This limit applies to both name and value sequences in their compressed and uncompressed representations.
     /// <para>
-    /// Value must be greater than 0, defaults to 2^14 (16,384).
+    /// Value must be greater than 0, defaults to 2^14 octets (16 KiB).
     /// </para>
     /// </summary>
     public int MaxRequestHeaderFieldSize
@@ -102,10 +102,10 @@ public int MaxRequestHeaderFieldSize
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Indicates how much request body data the server is willing to receive and buffer at a time aggregated across all
+    /// Indicates how much request body data, in bytes, the server is willing to receive and buffer at a time aggregated across all
     /// requests (streams) per connection. Note requests are also limited by <see cref="InitialStreamWindowSize"/>
     /// <para>
-    /// Value must be greater than or equal to 65,535 and less than 2^31, defaults to 128 kb.
+    /// Value must be greater than or equal to 64 KiB and less than 2 GiB, defaults to 1 MiB.
     /// </para>
     /// </summary>
     public int InitialConnectionWindowSize
@@ -124,10 +124,11 @@ public int InitialConnectionWindowSize
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Indicates how much request body data the server is willing to receive and buffer at a time per stream.
-    /// Note connections are also limited by <see cref="InitialConnectionWindowSize"/>
+    /// Indicates how much request body data, in bytes, the server is willing to receive and buffer at a time per stream.
+    /// Note connections are also limited by <see cref="InitialConnectionWindowSize"/>. There must be space in both the stream
+    /// window and connection window for a client to upload request body data.
     /// <para>
-    /// Value must be greater than or equal to 65,535 and less than 2^31, defaults to 96 kb.
+    /// Value must be greater than or equal to 64 KiB and less than 2 GiB, defaults to 768 KiB.
     /// </para>
     /// </summary>
     public int InitialStreamWindowSize

src/Servers/Kestrel/Transport.Sockets/src/SocketTransportOptions.cs

@@ -41,18 +41,32 @@ public class SocketTransportOptions
     /// The maximum length of the pending connection queue.
     /// </summary>
     /// <remarks>
-    /// Defaults to 512.
+    /// Defaults to 512 pending connections.
     /// </remarks>
     public int Backlog { get; set; } = 512;
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets or sets the maximum unconsumed incoming bytes the transport will buffer.
+    /// <para>
+    /// A value of <see langword="null"/> or 0 disables backpressure entirely allowing unlimited buffering.
+    /// Unlimited server buffering is a security risk given untrusted clients.
+    /// </para>
     /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// Defaults to 1 MiB.
+    /// </remarks>
     public long? MaxReadBufferSize { get; set; } = 1024 * 1024;
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets or sets the maximum outgoing bytes the transport will buffer before applying write backpressure.
+    /// <para>
+    /// A value of <see langword="null"/> or 0 disables backpressure entirely allowing unlimited buffering.
+    /// Unlimited server buffering is a security risk given untrusted clients.
+    /// </para>
     /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// Defaults to 64 KiB.
+    /// </remarks>
     public long? MaxWriteBufferSize { get; set; } = 64 * 1024;
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -65,6 +79,9 @@ public class SocketTransportOptions
     /// This setting can make performance worse if there is expensive work that will end up holding onto the IO thread for longer than needed.
     /// Test to make sure this setting helps performance.
     /// </remarks>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// Defaults to false.
+    /// </remarks>
     public bool UnsafePreferInlineScheduling { get; set; }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -77,6 +94,9 @@ public class SocketTransportOptions
     /// calls <see cref="Socket.Bind"/> as part of its implementation, so implementors
     /// using this method do not need to call it again.
     /// </remarks>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// Defaults to <see cref="CreateBoundListenSocket"/>.
+    /// </remarks>
     public Func<EndPoint, Socket> CreateBoundListenSocket { get; set; } = CreateDefaultBoundListenSocket;
 
     /// <summary>

src/Servers/Kestrel/test/InMemory.FunctionalTests/Http2/Http2ConnectionTests.cs

@@ -1345,6 +1345,10 @@ await ExpectAsync(Http2FrameType.HEADERS,
     [Fact]
     public async Task DATA_BufferRequestBodyLargerThanStreamSizeSmallerThanConnectionPipe_Works()
     {
+        // This test was not written to allow for arbitrary initial stream sizes. It was tuned to the old defaults.
+        _serviceContext.ServerOptions.Limits.Http2.InitialConnectionWindowSize = 128 * 1024;
+        _serviceContext.ServerOptions.Limits.Http2.InitialStreamWindowSize = 96 * 1024;
+
         var initialStreamWindowSize = _serviceContext.ServerOptions.Limits.Http2.InitialStreamWindowSize;
         var framesInStreamWindow = initialStreamWindowSize / Http2PeerSettings.DefaultMaxFrameSize;
         var initialConnectionWindowSize = _serviceContext.ServerOptions.Limits.Http2.InitialConnectionWindowSize;
@@ -3374,7 +3378,7 @@ public async Task SETTINGS_KestrelDefaults_Sent()
 
         setting = settings[1];
         Assert.Equal(Http2SettingsParameter.SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE, setting.Parameter);
-        Assert.Equal(96 * 1024u, setting.Value);
+        Assert.Equal(768 * 1024u, setting.Value);
 
         setting = settings[2];
         Assert.Equal(Http2SettingsParameter.SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE, setting.Parameter);
@@ -3389,7 +3393,7 @@ public async Task SETTINGS_KestrelDefaults_Sent()
             withFlags: (byte)Http2SettingsFrameFlags.NONE,
             withStreamId: 0);
 
-        Assert.Equal(1024 * 128 - (int)Http2PeerSettings.DefaultInitialWindowSize, update.WindowUpdateSizeIncrement);
+        Assert.Equal(1024 * 1024 - (int)Http2PeerSettings.DefaultInitialWindowSize, update.WindowUpdateSizeIncrement);
 
         await ExpectAsync(Http2FrameType.SETTINGS,
             withLength: 0,
@@ -3448,7 +3452,7 @@ public async Task SETTINGS_Custom_Sent()
             withFlags: (byte)Http2SettingsFrameFlags.NONE,
             withStreamId: 0);
 
-        Assert.Equal(1024 * 128u - Http2PeerSettings.DefaultInitialWindowSize, (uint)update.WindowUpdateSizeIncrement);
+        Assert.Equal(1024 * 1024u - Http2PeerSettings.DefaultInitialWindowSize, (uint)update.WindowUpdateSizeIncrement);
 
         await ExpectAsync(Http2FrameType.SETTINGS,
             withLength: 0,

src/Servers/Kestrel/test/InMemory.FunctionalTests/Http3/Http3TimeoutTests.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Connections;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.Features;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.Internal.Http3;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.Internal.Infrastructure;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Testing;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

src/Servers/Kestrel/test/InMemory.FunctionalTests/HttpProtocolSelectionTests.cs

@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ public Task Server_Http2Only_Cleartext_Success()
                 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, // Payload Length (6 * settings count)
                 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // SETTINGS frame (type 0x04)
                 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x64, // Connection limit (100)
-                0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x01, 0x80, 0x00, // Initial stream window size (96 KiB)
+                0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, // Initial stream window size (768 KiB)
                 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, // Header size limit (32 KiB)
                 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, // CONNECT enabled
                 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, // Payload Length (4)
                 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // WINDOW_UPDATE frame (type 0x08)
-                0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, // Diff between configured and protocol default (128 KiB - 0XFFFF)
+                0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x01, // Diff between configured and protocol default (1 MiB - 0XFFFF)
         };
 
         return TestSuccess(HttpProtocols.Http2,