[CI] Fix example-plugins tests by patching java home

[jozala]

Older version of openjdk17 are incompatible with newer ubuntu versions.
On ubuntu24 we now replace openjdk17 with adoptopenjdk17 in these cases.

The solution here is copied from #135504

The failure in Buildkite periodic build before the fix:
https://buildkite.com/elastic/elasticsearch-periodic/builds/11482#019ab0ce-0353-4908-a442-46819eb5889b

Including this fix:
https://buildkite.com/elastic/elasticsearch-periodic/builds/11487#019ab5cb-10dc-4efb-8e16-9e36b6a9d45f

It also fails in the PR builds. Example here:
#137440
https://buildkite.com/elastic/elasticsearch-pull-request/builds/105637#019ab57e-2f55-45ec-a6ce-3a41feded4b6

[elasticsearchmachine]

Pinging @elastic/es-delivery (Team:Delivery)

[breskeby]

lgtm. The succesful example build you link to is on main right? which hasn't suffered from this issue. only 8.19 seems to be affected.

Longterm I wish we could just aggressively either not run those combinations of packaged java + OS. This adds so much complexity, mental load and maintability burdon. Ideally we would just run those against the last 100% supported OS but that will leave us with a lack of test coverage I'm not sure we are willing to address.

[jozala]

lgtm. The succesful example build you link to is on main right? which hasn't suffered from this issue. only 8.19 seems to be affected.

The successful build I've mentioned here:

Including this fix:
https://buildkite.com/elastic/elasticsearch-periodic/builds/11487#019ab5cb-10dc-4efb-8e16-9e36b6a9d45f

Is same as branch in this PR which is created from 8.19. This is to prove that the fix works on 8.19.
As you've mentioned, the issue doesn't exist on main on any other branch than 8.19 (edit) so I don't plan to add this to any of the 9.x/main branches.