Add CMake examples: step-by-step tutorials, modern features, and presets.

.gitignore

@@ -46,4 +46,7 @@
 *.swp
 *.swo
 *.DS_Store
+
+# Local build directories for examples
+02-cmake/examples/**/build*/
 .idea

02-cmake/02-cmake.tex

@@ -556,8 +556,25 @@ \section{CMake}
   \end{lstlisting}
 \end{frame}
 
-\begin{frame}{CMake demo}
-  Demo
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Examples and demo}
+  Example projects are included with this lecture under:
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item \texttt{02-cmake/examples/steps} — step-by-step progression
+    \item \texttt{02-cmake/examples/hello} — minimal project
+    \item \texttt{02-cmake/examples/modern} — target-based project with tests and presets
+  \end{itemize}
+  Quick start (Unix, Ninja):
+  \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
+cd 02-cmake/examples/steps/02-hello-cmake
+cmake -S . -B build -G Ninja -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+cmake --build build
+  \end{lstlisting}
+  Quick start (Windows, Visual Studio):
+  \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
+cd 02-cmake\examples\steps\02-hello-cmake
+cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64
+cmake --build build --config Debug
+  \end{lstlisting}
 \end{frame}
 
 \begin{frame}

02-cmake/examples/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# CMake Examples
+
+This folder contains cross‑platform examples aligned with the CMake lecture.
+
+- `steps/` — incremental, step‑by‑step walkthrough (recommended start).
+- `hello/` — minimal single‑target example.
+- `modern/` — target‑based layout with library, tests, presets, and packaging.
+
+See each subfolder’s README for OS/generator specific commands.
+

02-cmake/examples/hello/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
+project(HelloCMake LANGUAGES CXX)
+
+add_executable(hello src/main.cpp)
+target_compile_features(hello PRIVATE cxx_std_20)
+

02-cmake/examples/hello/CMakePresets.json

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+{
+  "version": 3,
+  "cmakeMinimumRequired": { "major": 3, "minor": 22 },
+  "configurePresets": [
+    { "name": "ninja-debug", "generator": "Ninja", "binaryDir": "build/ninja-debug", "cacheVariables": { "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Debug" } },
+    { "name": "ninja-release", "generator": "Ninja", "binaryDir": "build/ninja-release", "cacheVariables": { "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Release" } },
+    { "name": "unix-make-debug", "generator": "Unix Makefiles", "binaryDir": "build/unix-debug", "cacheVariables": { "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Debug" } },
+    { "name": "xcode-debug", "generator": "Xcode", "binaryDir": "build/xcode-debug" },
+    { "name": "vs2022-x64-debug", "generator": "Visual Studio 17 2022", "binaryDir": "build/vs2022/x64", "architecture": { "value": "x64", "strategy": "external" } },
+    { "name": "mingw-release", "generator": "MinGW Makefiles", "binaryDir": "build/mingw-release", "cacheVariables": { "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Release" } }
+  ],
+  "buildPresets": [
+    { "name": "build-ninja-debug", "configurePreset": "ninja-debug" },
+    { "name": "build-ninja-release", "configurePreset": "ninja-release" },
+    { "name": "build-unix-debug", "configurePreset": "unix-make-debug" },
+    { "name": "build-xcode-debug", "configurePreset": "xcode-debug" },
+    { "name": "build-vs-debug", "configurePreset": "vs2022-x64-debug", "configuration": "Debug" },
+    { "name": "build-vs-release", "configurePreset": "vs2022-x64-debug", "configuration": "Release" },
+    { "name": "build-mingw-release", "configurePreset": "mingw-release" }
+  ]
+}
+

02-cmake/examples/hello/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Hello Example (Cross‑platform)
+
+Build with your preferred generator:
+
+- Generic (works everywhere):
+  - `cmake -S . -B build`
+  - `cmake --build build`
+  - Run: `./build/hello` (Linux/macOS) or `build\hello.exe` (Windows)
+
+- Ninja:
+  - `cmake -S . -B build-ninja -G Ninja -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release`
+  - `cmake --build build-ninja`
+
+- Unix Makefiles (Linux/macOS):
+  - `cmake -S . -B build-make -G "Unix Makefiles" -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug`
+  - `cmake --build build-make`
+
+- Visual Studio (Windows, x64):
+  - `cmake -S . -B build-vs -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64`
+  - `cmake --build build-vs --config Release`
+  - Or open `build-vs/HelloCMake.sln` in Visual Studio.
+
+- MinGW (Windows):
+  - `cmake -S . -B build-mingw -G "MinGW Makefiles" -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release`
+  - `cmake --build build-mingw`
+
+Presets are provided in `CMakePresets.json` for common setups.
+

02-cmake/examples/hello/src/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main() {
+  std::cout << "Hello, CMake!" << std::endl;
+  return 0;
+}
+

02-cmake/examples/modern/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
+project(ModernCMakeExamples LANGUAGES CXX)
+
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
+
+option(BUILD_TESTS "Build unit tests" ON)
+
+add_subdirectory(lib)
+add_subdirectory(src)
+
+if(BUILD_TESTS)
+  enable_testing()
+  include(FetchContent)
+  FetchContent_Declare(
+    googletest
+    URL https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/refs/tags/v1.14.0.zip
+  )
+  FetchContent_MakeAvailable(googletest)
+  add_subdirectory(tests)
+endif()
+
+install(TARGETS app add EXPORT modernTargets
+  RUNTIME DESTINATION bin
+  LIBRARY DESTINATION lib
+  ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib
+  INCLUDES DESTINATION include
+)
+install(DIRECTORY lib/include/ DESTINATION include)
+install(EXPORT modernTargets NAMESPACE modern:: DESTINATION lib/cmake/modern)
+
+include(CPack)
+

02-cmake/examples/modern/CMakePresets.json

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+  "version": 3,
+  "cmakeMinimumRequired": { "major": 3, "minor": 22 },
+  "configurePresets": [
+    { "name": "ninja-debug",   "generator": "Ninja",            "binaryDir": "build/ninja-debug",   "cacheVariables": { "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Debug" } },
+    { "name": "ninja-release", "generator": "Ninja",            "binaryDir": "build/ninja-release", "cacheVariables": { "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Release" } },
+    { "name": "unix-make-debug","generator": "Unix Makefiles",  "binaryDir": "build/unix-debug",    "cacheVariables": { "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Debug" } },
+    { "name": "xcode-debug",    "generator": "Xcode",           "binaryDir": "build/xcode-debug" },
+    { "name": "vs2022-x64",     "generator": "Visual Studio 17 2022", "binaryDir": "build/vs2022/x64",
+      "architecture": { "value": "x64", "strategy": "external" } },
+    { "name": "mingw-release",   "generator": "MinGW Makefiles", "binaryDir": "build/mingw-release", "cacheVariables": { "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Release" } }
+  ],
+  "buildPresets": [
+    { "name": "build-ninja-debug",   "configurePreset": "ninja-debug" },
+    { "name": "build-ninja-release", "configurePreset": "ninja-release" },
+    { "name": "build-unix-debug",    "configurePreset": "unix-make-debug" },
+    { "name": "build-xcode-debug",   "configurePreset": "xcode-debug" },
+    { "name": "build-vs-debug",      "configurePreset": "vs2022-x64", "configuration": "Debug" },
+    { "name": "build-vs-release",    "configurePreset": "vs2022-x64", "configuration": "Release" },
+    { "name": "build-mingw-release", "configurePreset": "mingw-release" }
+  ],
+  "testPresets": [
+    { "name": "test-ninja-debug", "configurePreset": "ninja-debug" },
+    { "name": "test-vs-debug",    "configurePreset": "vs2022-x64", "configuration": "Debug" }
+  ]
+}
+

02-cmake/examples/modern/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Modern CMake Example (Cross‑platform)
+
+Build options:
+
+- Ninja (fast, single‑config):
+  - `cmake --preset ninja-debug`
+  - `cmake --build --preset build-ninja-debug`
+  - Run: `./build/ninja-debug/app` or `build\ninja-debug\app.exe`
+
+- Unix Makefiles (Linux/macOS):
+  - `cmake --preset unix-make-debug`
+  - `cmake --build --preset build-unix-debug`
+
+- Visual Studio 2022 (Windows, x64):
+  - `cmake --preset vs2022-x64`
+  - `cmake --build --preset build-vs-debug`
+  - Or open `build/vs2022/x64/ModernCMakeExamples.sln` and build.
+
+- MinGW (Windows):
+  - `cmake --preset mingw-release`
+  - `cmake --build --preset build-mingw-release`
+
+- Xcode (macOS):
+  - `cmake --preset xcode-debug`
+  - `cmake --build --preset build-xcode-debug`
+
+Tests:
+
+- After configuring with any preset that enables tests (all of the above), run:
+  - `ctest --preset test-ninja-debug` (Ninja)
+  - `ctest --preset test-vs-debug` (Visual Studio)
+  - Or from a build dir: `ctest --output-on-failure -j`
+
+Cross‑compiling (ARM, example):
+
+```
+cmake -S . -B build-arm \
+  -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=toolchains/arm-none-eabi.cmake \
+  -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+cmake --build build-arm
+```
+
+Packaging:
+
+- `cpack -G ZIP` from the configured build directory to create an archive.
+

02-cmake/examples/modern/lib/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+add_library(add src/add.cpp)
+target_include_directories(add PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
+target_compile_features(add PUBLIC cxx_std_20)
+

02-cmake/examples/modern/lib/include/add/add.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace addlib {
+
+int add(int x, int y);
+
+} // namespace addlib
+

02-cmake/examples/modern/lib/src/add.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "add/add.h"
+
+namespace addlib {
+
+int add(int x, int y) { return x + y; }
+
+} // namespace addlib
+

02-cmake/examples/modern/src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+add_executable(app src/main.cpp)
+target_link_libraries(app PRIVATE add)
+target_compile_features(app PRIVATE cxx_std_20)
+
+set_property(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} PROPERTY VS_STARTUP_PROJECT app)
+

02-cmake/examples/modern/src/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include "add/add.h"
+
+int main() {
+  const int a = 5;
+  const int b = 3;
+  std::cout << a << " + " << b << " = " << addlib::add(a, b) << std::endl;
+  return 0;
+}
+

02-cmake/examples/modern/tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+add_executable(app_tests tests.cpp)
+target_link_libraries(app_tests PRIVATE add gtest_main)
+
+include(GoogleTest)
+gtest_discover_tests(app_tests)
+

02-cmake/examples/modern/tests/tests.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "add/add.h"
+
+TEST(AddLib, SumsPositive) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(addlib::add(2, 2), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(addlib::add(5, 3), 8);
+}
+
+TEST(AddLib, SumsNegative) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(addlib::add(-2, -3), -5);
+}
+

02-cmake/examples/modern/toolchains/arm-none-eabi.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Generic)
+set(CMAKE_TRY_COMPILE_TARGET_TYPE STATIC_LIBRARY)
+
+set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER arm-none-eabi-gcc)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER arm-none-eabi-g++)
+

02-cmake/examples/steps/01-hello-plain/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# 01 — Hello (no CMake)
+
+Linux/macOS (g++):
+
+```
+g++ -std=c++20 -O2 -o hello main.cpp
+./hello
+```
+
+Windows (Visual Studio Developer Command Prompt):
+
+```
+cl /EHsc /std:c++20 main.cpp
+main.exe
+```
+
+Windows (MinGW):
+
+```
+g++ -std=c++20 -O2 -o hello.exe main.cpp
+hello.exe
+```
+

02-cmake/examples/steps/01-hello-plain/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main() {
+  std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
+  return 0;
+}
+

02-cmake/examples/steps/02-hello-cmake/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
+project(HelloCMake LANGUAGES CXX)
+add_executable(hello src/main.cpp)
+target_compile_features(hello PRIVATE cxx_std_20)
+

02-cmake/examples/steps/02-hello-cmake/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# 02 — Hello (CMake minimal)
+
+Generic:
+
+```
+cmake -S . -B build
+cmake --build build
+./build/hello           # Linux/macOS
+build\\hello.exe        # Windows
+```
+
+Ninja:
+
+```
+cmake -S . -B build-ninja -G Ninja -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+cmake --build build-ninja
+```
+
+Visual Studio (Windows x64):
+
+```
+cmake -S . -B build-vs -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64
+cmake --build build-vs --config Debug
+```
+
+Unix Makefiles (Linux/macOS):
+
+```
+cmake -S . -B build-make -G "Unix Makefiles" -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+cmake --build build-make
+```
+

02-cmake/examples/steps/02-hello-cmake/src/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main() {
+  std::cout << "Hello, CMake!" << std::endl;
+  return 0;
+}
+

02-cmake/examples/steps/03-lib-cmake/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
+project(LibExample LANGUAGES CXX)
+
+add_library(add lib/src/add.cpp)
+target_include_directories(add PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib/include)
+
+add_executable(app src/main.cpp)
+target_link_libraries(app PRIVATE add)
+target_compile_features(app PRIVATE cxx_std_20)
+

02-cmake/examples/steps/03-lib-cmake/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# 03 — Library + app
+
+Configure and build (generic):
+
+```
+cmake -S . -B build
+cmake --build build
+./build/app             # Linux/macOS
+build\\app.exe          # Windows
+```
+
+Notes:
+- `add` is a simple library linked to `app`.
+- Headers are exposed via `target_include_directories(add PUBLIC include)`.
+