[Bug] Unable to build with minimal setup in Unity

[dandy63]

Description

I’m testing with the most minimal configuration since I couldn’t get the setup to work.
Here’s what I did step by step:

Created a brand-new Unity project.

Switched the platform to Android.

Confirmed that a clean minimal build succeeds.

Next, I imported FirebaseMessaging.unitypackage, restarted Unity, ran:
Assets → External Dependency Manager → Android Resolver → Force Resolve,
placed both google-services.json and GoogleService-Info.plist correctly, and then tried to build.

At this point, the build fails with errors and won’t complete.

Am I misunderstanding something fundamental here?

Reproducing the issue

No response

Firebase Unity SDK Version

13.2.0

Unity editor version

2022.3.62f1

Installation Method

.unitypackage

Problematic Firebase Component(s)

Messaging

Other Firebase Component(s) in use

No response

Additional SDKs you are using

No response

Targeted Platform(s)

Android

Unity editor platform

Windows

Scripting Runtime

IL2CPP

Release Distribution Type

Pre-built SDK from https://firebase.google.com/download/unity

Relevant Log Output

CommandInvokationFailure: Gradle build failed. 
C:\Program Files\Unity\Hub\Editor\2022.3.62f1\Editor\Data\PlaybackEngines\AndroidPlayer\OpenJDK\bin\java.exe -classpath "C:\Program Files\Unity\Hub\Editor\2022.3.62f1\Editor\Data\PlaybackEngines\AndroidPlayer\Tools\gradle\lib\gradle-launcher-7.5.1.jar" org.gradle.launcher.GradleMain "-Dorg.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx4096m" "bundleDebug"

Environment Variables:
PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE = AMD64
AMPLITUDE_API_KEY_YELLOWBUCKET_DEV = 48835b4d1f5e342aefe5f016324d296a
ANDROID_NDK_ROOT = C:\Program Files\Unity\Hub\Editor\2022.3.62f1\Editor\Data\PlaybackEngines\AndroidPlayer\NDK
DriverData = C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\DriverData
USERDOMAIN = DESKTOP-CFRMA9J
CommonProgramFiles(x86) = C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files
COMPUTERNAME = DESKTOP-CFRMA9J
FR_CUSTOMDATA_PATH = C:\Program Files (x86)\Steam\steamapps\common\FaceRig\Mod\VP\PC_CustomData\
LOGONSERVER = \\DESKTOP-CFRMA9J
AMPLITUDE_TOKEN_GREENBUCKET_PROD = ZpUcbAdZXJYzNSoHsAWtL_s_JppwWid9
PUBLIC = C:\Users\Public
ProgramData = C:\ProgramData
SESSIONNAME = Console
AMPLITUDE_TOKEN_YELLOWBUCKET_PROD = UYDQtPOw83dIfVy3SrW5oMyo7ru4PRkV
ALLUSERSPROFILE = C:\ProgramData
SystemRoot = C:\WINDOWS
windir = C:\WINDOWS
AMPLITUDE_API_KEY_REDBUCKET_DEV = 46b8b46515e7632fc42a504b72e05fd0
ProgramFiles(x86) = C:\Program Files (x86)
ProgramW6432 = C:\Program Files
OS = Windows_NT
PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER = Intel64 Family 6 Model 158 Stepping 10, GenuineIntel
HOMEPATH = \Users\********
AMPLITUDE_TOKEN_REDBUCKET_DEV = U4PSN7S7PuYVRODivvdcFwbu8R6IHGqa
CHROME_CRASHPAD_PIPE_NAME = \\.\pipe\crashpad_9336_CRKBKAWEJYNIHLHA
PROCESSOR_LEVEL = 6
CommonProgramFiles = C:\Program Files\Common Files
JAVA_HOME = C:\Program Files\Unity\Hub\Editor\2022.3.62f1\Editor\Data\PlaybackEngines\AndroidPlayer\OpenJDK
USERDOMAIN_ROAMINGPROFILE = DESKTOP-CFRMA9J
TEMP = C:\Users\********\AppData\Local\Temp
ProgramFiles = C:\Program Files
CommonProgramW6432 = C:\Program Files\Common Files
AMPLITUDE_TOKEN_YELLOWBUCKET_DEV = wKi8foVigDditGFvmZewRFWsEbX9Y0YO
AMPLITUDE_API_KEY_GREENBUCKET_DEV = 3ded2a762163603391a425f688f990c8
AMPLITUDE_API_KEY_REDBUCKET_PROD = ca12bb461ea96f9bdf5df4ded7d52994
HOMEDRIVE = C:
AMPLITUDE_API_KEY_STAGING = 83ee04fccc67e4fcc7dd527c4c6f1e21
USERNAME = ********
OneDrive = C:\Users\********\OneDrive
AMPLITUDE_API_KEY_YELLOWBUCKET_PROD = e03a9bbe92dc38a88cdb068d24c65b46
PATHEXT = .COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC
VBOX_MSI_INSTALL_PATH = C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox\
AMPLITUDE_TOKEN_REDBUCKET_PROD = jTIgKs5KTZOjiqEEVdZFbgo_VRhABduL
NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS = 12
GTK_BASEPATH = C:\Program Files (x86)\GtkSharp\2.12\
AMPLITUDE_TOKEN_GREENBUCKET_DEV = 84H2gMm_FJzhr3mBaX1lM1JVukmCM7d9
AMPLITUDE_DEPLOYMENT_KEY_RED_BUCKET_DEV = client-wbjHYrmeSR87GmWOE7LDpf7sUySOIKHm
AMPLITUDE_API_KEY_GREENBUCKET_PROD = c86fea37a9e1d3f0878b96e15b111c7c
ComSpec = C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe
ORIGINAL_XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP = undefined
PROCESSOR_REVISION = 9e0a
AMPLITUDE_DEPLOYMENT_KEY_RED_BUCKET_PROD = client-zH8Y7OK1i331EKuG77C6UxN8ygcM6LzS
TMP = C:\Users\********\AppData\Local\Temp
TRACEDESIGNTIME = true
SystemDrive = C:
AMPLITUDE_API_KEY = 28f3cae0b33b8b3702120c9ed1a935aa
OneDriveConsumer = C:\Users\********\OneDrive
DEBUG_ENV_VAR = UnityHub
SENTRY_ACCESS_TOKEN = 3df78d9e53f8456aa90fbae044ce1a6261421ab1d0014674bc2e933477289017
APPDATA = C:\Users\********\AppData\Roaming
Path = C:\Program Files\Microsoft\jdk-11.0.16.101-hotspot\bin;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\iCLS\;C:\Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\iCLS\;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\DAL;C:\Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\DAL;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\IPT;C:\Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\IPT;C:\WINDOWS\System32\OpenSSH\;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_181\bin;D:\AndroidSDK\tools;D:\AndroidSDK\platform-tools;D:\apache-ant-1.10.5\bin;C:\Program Files (x86)\GtkSharp\2.12\bin;C:\Program Files\OpenSSL-Win64\bin;C:\Program Files\apache-ant-1.9.14\bin;C:\Program Files\dotnet\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Windows Performance Toolkit\;C:\Program Files\Git\cmd;C:\xampp\xampp5.6.3\php;C:\composer;C:\Users\********\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;C:\Users\********\.dotnet\tools;C:\Users\********\AppData\Roaming\Composer\vendor\bin;C:\Users\********\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WinGet\Links;
PSModulePath = C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules;C:\WINDOWS\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules
LOCALAPPDATA = C:\Users\********\AppData\Local
USERPROFILE = C:\Users\********
WOOTRIC_CLIENT_TOKEN = NPS-aa8be4c3


stderr[
ERROR:D8: com.android.tools.r8.kotlin.H
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FAILURE: Build completed with 2 failures.

1: Task failed with an exception.
-----------
* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':launcher:mergeExtDexDebug'.
> Could not resolve all files for configuration ':launcher:debugRuntimeClasspath'.
   > Failed to transform play-services-measurement-api-22.4.0.aar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-api:22.4.0) to match attributes {artifactType=android-dex, asm-transformed-variant=NONE, dexing-enable-desugaring=true, dexing-enable-jacoco-instrumentation=false, dexing-is-debuggable=true, dexing-min-sdk=23, org.gradle.status=release, org.gradle.usage=java-runtime}.
      > Execution failed for DexingWithClasspathTransform: C:\Users\********\.gradle\caches\transforms-3\bf9eea23a9879629c046f0eb62ef2b2f\transformed\jetified-play-services-measurement-api-22.4.0-runtime.jar.
         > Error while dexing.

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.
==============================================================================

2: Task failed with an exception.
-----------
* What went wrong:
java.lang.StackOverflowError (no error message)

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.
==============================================================================

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 10s
]
stdout[

> Configure project :launcher
WARNING:The option setting 'android.aapt2FromMavenOverride=C:\Program Files\Unity\Hub\Editor\2022.3.62f1\Editor\Data\PlaybackEngines\AndroidPlayer\SDK\build-tools\34.0.0\aapt2.exe' is experimental.

> Configure project :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib
WARNING:minSdkVersion (23) is greater than targetSdkVersion (9) for variant "debug". Please change the values such that minSdkVersion is less than or equal to targetSdkVersion.
WARNING:minSdkVersion (23) is greater than targetSdkVersion (9) for variant "release". Please change the values such that minSdkVersion is less than or equal to targetSdkVersion.
WARNING:We recommend using a newer Android Gradle plugin to use compileSdk = 34

This Android Gradle plugin (7.4.2) was tested up to compileSdk = 33

This warning can be suppressed by adding
    android.suppressUnsupportedCompileSdk=34
to this project's gradle.properties

The build will continue, but you are strongly encouraged to update your project to
use a newer Android Gradle Plugin that has been tested with compileSdk = 34

> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:preBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:preBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:preDebugBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:preDebugBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:packageDebugRenderscript NO-SOURCE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:packageDebugRenderscript NO-SOURCE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:compileDebugRenderscript NO-SOURCE
> Task :unityLibrary:generateDebugResValues UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:generateDebugResValues UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:generateDebugResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:compileDebugRenderscript NO-SOURCE
> Task :unityLibrary:generateDebugResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:packageDebugResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:packageDebugResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:extractDeepLinksDebug UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:extractDeepLinksDebug UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:processDebugManifest UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:processDebugManifest UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:compileDebugLibraryResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:compileDebugLibraryResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:mergeDebugShaders UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:mergeDebugShaders UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:compileDebugShaders NO-SOURCE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:compileDebugShaders NO-SOURCE
> Task :unityLibrary:generateDebugAssets UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:generateDebugAssets UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:packageDebugAssets UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:processDebugJavaRes NO-SOURCE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:bundleLibResDebug NO-SOURCE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:compileDebugAidl NO-SOURCE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:parseDebugLocalResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:generateDebugRFile UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:generateDebugBuildConfig UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:javaPreCompileDebug UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:compileDebugJavaWithJavac UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:bundleLibCompileToJarDebug UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:bundleLibRuntimeToJarDebug UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:writeDebugAarMetadata UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:mergeDebugJniLibFolders UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:mergeDebugNativeLibs NO-SOURCE
> Task :unityLibrary:FirebaseApp.androidlib:copyDebugJniLibsProjectOnly UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:preBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:preDebugBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:compileDebugRenderscript NO-SOURCE
> Task :launcher:generateDebugResValues UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:mapDebugSourceSetPaths UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:generateDebugResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:mergeDebugResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:createDebugCompatibleScreenManifests UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:extractDeepLinksDebug UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:packageDebugAssets
> Task :unityLibrary:processDebugJavaRes UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:bundleLibResDebug UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:compileDebugAidl NO-SOURCE
> Task :unityLibrary:generateDebugBuildConfig UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:processDebugMainManifest UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:processDebugManifest UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:processApplicationManifestDebugForBundle UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:parseDebugLocalResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:bundleDebugResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:mergeDebugShaders UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:compileDebugShaders NO-SOURCE
> Task :launcher:generateDebugAssets UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:mergeDebugAssets
> Task :launcher:processDebugJavaRes NO-SOURCE
> Task :launcher:checkDebugDuplicateClasses UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:desugarDebugFileDependencies UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:javaPreCompileDebug UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:writeDebugAarMetadata UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:generateDebugRFile
> Task :unityLibrary:mergeDebugJniLibFolders
> Task :launcher:mergeDebugJavaResource

> Task :launcher:mergeExtDexDebug FAILED

> Task :unityLibrary:compileDebugJavaWithJavac
48 actionable tasks: 7 executed, 41 up-to-date
]
exit code: 1
UnityEditor.Android.Command.WaitForProgramToRun (UnityEditor.Utils.Program p, UnityEditor.Android.Command+WaitingForProcessToExit waitingForProcessToExit, System.String errorMsg) (at /home/bokken/build/output/unity/unity/PlatformDependent/AndroidPlayer/Editor/Managed/Android/Command.cs:218)
UnityEditor.Android.Command.Run (System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo psi, UnityEditor.Android.Command+WaitingForProcessToExit waitingForProcessToExit, System.String errorMsg) (at /home/bokken/build/output/unity/unity/PlatformDependent/AndroidPlayer/Editor/Managed/Android/Command.cs:157)
UnityEditor.Android.Command.Run (System.String command, System.String args, System.String workingdir, UnityEditor.Android.Command+WaitingForProcessToExit waitingForProcessToExit, System.String errorMsg) (at /home/bokken/build/output/unity/unity/PlatformDependent/AndroidPlayer/Editor/Managed/Android/Command.cs:116)
UnityEditor.Android.AndroidJavaTools.RunJava (System.String args, System.String workingdir, System.Action`1[T] progress, System.String error) (at /home/bokken/build/output/unity/unity/PlatformDependent/AndroidPlayer/Editor/Managed/Android/AndroidJavaTools.cs:113)
UnityEditor.Android.GradleWrapper.Run (UnityEditor.Android.AndroidJavaTools javaTools, Unity.Android.Gradle.AndroidGradle androidGradle, System.String workingdir, System.String task, System.Action`1[T] progress) (at /home/bokken/build/output/unity/unity/PlatformDependent/AndroidPlayer/Editor/Managed/Android/Gradle.cs:226)
Rethrow as GradleInvokationException: Gradle build failed
UnityEditor.Android.GradleWrapper.Run (UnityEditor.Android.AndroidJavaTools javaTools, Unity.Android.Gradle.AndroidGradle androidGradle, System.String workingdir, System.String task, System.Action`1[T] progress) (at /home/bokken/build/output/unity/unity/PlatformDependent/AndroidPlayer/Editor/Managed/Android/Gradle.cs:231)
UnityEditor.Android.PostProcessor.Tasks.BuildGradleProject.Execute (UnityEditor.Android.PostProcessor.PostProcessorContext context) (at /home/bokken/build/output/unity/unity/PlatformDependent/AndroidPlayer/Editor/Managed/PostProcessor/Tasks/BuildGradleProject.cs:39)
UnityEditor.Android.PostProcessor.PostProcessRunner.RunAllTasks (UnityEditor.Android.PostProcessor.PostProcessorContext context) (at /home/bokken/build/output/unity/unity/PlatformDependent/AndroidPlayer/Editor/Managed/PostProcessor/AndroidPostProcessor.cs:112)
UnityEngine.GUIUtility:ProcessEvent(Int32, IntPtr, Boolean&)

If using CocoaPods for Apple platforms, the project's Podfile.lock

Expand Podfile.lock snippet

👀 Replace this line with the contents of your Podfile.lock!

[google-oss-bot]

I couldn't figure out how to label this issue, so I've labeled it for a human to triage. Hang tight.

[argzdev]

Thanks for reaching out, @dandy63. For this particular issue, we have problems with Gradle for those using minimum API level 23. This is caused because of a bug in the default dex tool in the Android SDK that most Unity editors use. In order to resolve this issue, there's 3 possible solutions:

• Set the minSdkVersion to 24.
• Turn on Android minification, in Player Settings > Android > Publishing Settings > Minify
• Specify a different version of the dex tool by adding this to your settingsTemplate.gradle file:

buildscript {
  repositories {
    mavenLocal()
    maven { url 'https://maven.google.com'  }
    mavenCentral()
  }
  dependencies {
    classpath 'com.android.tools:r8:8.3.37'
  }
}

Either of the 3 solutions, should allow you to proceed with the build.
I'll go ahead and close this thread. Let me know if there's follow up questions, we can always reopen the issue.

[dandy63]

Thank you for your response.
The build went through successfully.

I’m really surprised to learn that it was caused by a bug in the Android SDK.
For future reference, is this information documented somewhere that’s easy to find online?

[niccolo-hare]

Hi @dandy63, you can check this section of the Troubleshooting & FAQ for Unity and Firebase doc for your reference.