Added Sectin 10

Author: fsiddh

Section 10 - Javascript Level Two/.vscode/settings.json

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+{
+    "python.pythonPath": "C:\\Users\\DELL\\anaconda3\\python.exe"
+}

Section 10 - Javascript Level Two/JavaScript Level Two.pdf

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+// FUNCTIONS
+
+// Functions will be one of our main building blocks when we construct
+// larger and larger amounts of code to solve problems.
+//
+// So what is a function?
+//
+// Formally, a function is a useful device that groups together a set of statements
+// so they can be run more than once. They can also let us specify parameters that
+// can serve as inputs to the functions.
+// On a more fundamental level, functions allow us to not have to repeatedly write
+// the same code again and again.
+
+// Functions are one of the most critical parts of being able to use JavaScript
+// effectively, so once you are done learning how to create them you will have
+// an extensive exercise testing your ability to use them to solve problems!
+
+// In JavaScript, functions follow this general form:
+// (parameters are also commonly called arguments)
+
+function name(parameter1, parameter2, parameter3) {
+    //code to be executed
+}
+
+// Now let's see several examples!
+
+// EXAMPLE
+// Simple function with no input parameters
+function hello(){
+    console.log("hello world!");
+}
+
+// This will just return the function:
+hello
+
+// You need to add parenthesis (and any parameters you want) to actually call
+// the function into action!
+hello()
+
+
+// EXAMPLE
+function helloYou(name){
+    console.log("hello "+name);
+}
+helloYou("Jose")
+
+// EXAMPLE
+function addNum(num1,num2){
+    console.log(num1+num2);
+}
+addNum(30,20)
+
+/////////////////////
+// Default values //
+///////////////////
+
+
+//
+// Notice that so far we've had to define every single argument in the function
+// when using it, but we can also have default values by using an equals sign,
+// for example:
+
+// EXAMPLE
+function helloSomeone(name="Frankie"){
+    console.log("Hello "+name);
+}
+
+helloSomeone()
+///////////////////////
+// Returning Values //
+/////////////////////
+
+// So far we've only been printing out results, but what if we wanted to return
+// the results so that we could assign them to a variable, we can use the return
+// keyword for this task in the following manner:
+
+// EXAMPLE
+
+// Without Return
+function formal(name="Sam",title="Sir"){
+    console.log(title+" "+name)
+}
+
+//
+"Welcome " + formal()
+// Welcome undefined
+
+
+// With a return
+function formal(name="Sam",title="Sir"){
+    return title+" "+name;
+}
+
+//
+"Welcome "+formal()
+//
+
+var result = formal()
+
+////////////////////
+// SCOPE //////////
+//////////////////
+
+// Scope is the term we use to describe how objects and variable get defined
+// within JavaScript. When discussing scope with functions, as a general rule we
+// can say that if a variable is defined only inside a function than its scope is
+// limited to that function. For example, consider the following function:
+
+// EXAMPLE
+
+// Multiplies input by 5
+function times5(numInput) {
+  var result = numInput * 5
+  return result
+}
+
+times5(5)
+
+// Now after running the function try calling:
+numInput // Error
+result // Error
+
+// Not defined outside the scope of the function!
+
+// These errors indicate that these variables are only defined inside the scope of
+// the function. So variables defined inside of a function are only defined
+// (or redefined) inside of that function. However, variables assigned outside of
+// the function are global variables, and the function will have access to them
+// due to their scope. For example:
+
+var v = "I'm global v"
+var stuff = "I'm global stuff"
+
+function fun(stuff){
+    console.log(v);
+    stuff = "Reassign stuff inside func";
+    console.log(stuff);
+}
+
+// Now see what happens!
+fun()
+
+// So what is happening above? The following happens
+// console.log(v); will check for the global variable v, the outer scope
+// console.log(stuff); will also check for the global variable stuff
+// fun(stuff) will accept an argument stuff, print out v, and then reassign stuff
+// (in the scope of the function) and print out stuff.
+//
+// Notice two things:
+//
+// The reassignment of stuff only effects the scope
+// of the stuff variable inside the function
+//
+// The fun function first checks to see if v is defined
+// at the function scope, if not (which was the case) it
+// will then search the global scope for a variable names v,
+// leading to it printing out "I'm global v".
+
+// Okay! Now you are ready to tackle some actual exercise problems!

Section 10 - Javascript Level Two/Part 1 & 2 (Function and Exercise)/Part1_Functions.js

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+// FUNCTION EXERCISES - SOLUTIONS
+
+// Functions are an extremely important part of understanding how to program
+// and they also allow for an ideal way of testing out your general JavaScript
+// knowledge.
+
+// These problem statements are sourced from codingbat.com,
+// a great website to practice your code!
+
+// The problems will gradually get harder and harder.
+
+//
+// PROBLEM 1: SLEEPING IN
+//
+// Write a function called sleepIn that takes in two boolean parameters: weekday
+// and vacation.
+//
+// The parameter weekday is true if it is a weekday, and the parameter vacation is
+// true if we are on vacation. We sleep in if it is not a weekday or
+// we're on vacation. Return true if we sleep in. So some example input and output:
+//
+// sleepIn(false, false) → true
+// sleepIn(true, false) → false
+// sleepIn(false, true) → true
+
+function sleepIn(weekday, vacation){
+  return (!weekday || vacation)
+}
+
+
+
+//
+// PROBLEM 2: MONKEY TROUBLE
+//
+// We have two monkeys, a and b, and the parameters aSmile and bSmile indicate if
+// each is smiling. We are in trouble if they are both smiling or if neither of
+// them is smiling. Return true if we are in trouble.
+//
+// Example Input and Output
+//
+// monkeyTrouble(true, true) → true
+// monkeyTrouble(false, false) → true
+// monkeyTrouble(true, false) → false
+
+function monkeyTrouble(aSmile, bSmile) {
+    return ((aSmile && bSmile) || (!aSmile && !bSmile))
+}
+
+
+//
+// PROBLEM 3: STRING TIMES
+//
+// Given a string and a non-negative int n, return a larger
+// string that is n copies of the original string.
+//
+// Example input and output:
+//
+// stringTimes("Hi", 2) → "HiHi"
+// stringTimes("Hi", 3) → "HiHiHi"
+// stringTimes("Hi", 1) → "Hi"
+
+function stringTimes(str, n) {
+    //Code Goes Here
+    var i = 0
+    stringg = ''
+    while (i<n){
+      stringg += str
+      i ++
+    }
+    return stringg
+}
+
+// PROBLEM 4: LUCKY SUM
+
+// Given 3 numerical values, a b c, return their sum. However, if one of the values is
+// 13 then it does not count towards the sum and values to its right do not count.
+// So for example, if b is 13, then both b and c do not count.
+//
+// Hint (Explore using multiple return statements inside a single function!)
+//
+// Example input and output
+//
+// luckySum(1, 2, 3) → 6
+// luckySum(1, 2, 13) → 3
+// luckySum(1, 13, 3) → 1
+
+function luckySum(a, b, c){
+  if ((a!==13) && (b!==13) && (c!==13)){
+    return a+b+c
+  }else if(a===13){
+    return 0
+  }else if(b===13){
+    return a
+  }else if(c===13){
+    return a+b
+  } 
+  //Code Goes Here
+}
+
+// PROBLEM 5:
+//
+// You are driving a little too fast, and a police officer stops you. Write code to
+// compute the result, encoded as an int value: 0=no ticket, 1=small ticket,
+// 2=big ticket. If speed is 60 or less, the result is 0. If speed is between 61
+// and 80 inclusive, the result is 1. If speed is 81 or more, the result is 2.
+// Unless it is your birthday -- on that day, your speed can be 5 higher in all cases.
+//
+// Here are some example inputs and outputs:
+//
+// caught_speeding(60, false) → 0
+// caught_speeding(65, false) → 1
+// caught_speeding(65, true) → 0
+
+function caught_speeding(speed, is_birthday){
+  if (is_birthday){
+    if (speed <= 60+5){
+      return 0
+    }
+    else if (61<=speed<=80+5){
+      return 1
+    }
+    return 2
+    
+  }
+  else{
+    if (speed <= 60){
+      return 0
+    }
+    else if (61<=speed<=80){
+      return 1
+    }
+    return 2
+    
+  }  
+  //Code Goes Here
+}
+
+
+// BONUS: MAKE BRICKS
+//
+// We want to make a row of bricks that is goal inches long. We have a number of
+// small bricks (1 inch each) and big bricks (5 inches each). Return true if it
+// is possible to make the goal by choosing from the given bricks. This is a
+// little harder than it looks and can be done without any loops in a single line!
+//
+// If you can't figue this one out, don't worry, that's why its a bonus!
+//
+// makeBricks(3, 1, 8) → true
+// makeBricks(3, 1, 9) → false
+// makeBricks(3, 2, 10) → true
+
+function makeBricks(small, big, goal){
+  return goal%5 >= 0 && goal%5 - small <= 0 && small + 5*big >= goal
+}
+
+  //Code Goes Here