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1 | 1 | # Brush up your knowledge on SQL |
2 | | - |
3 | | -<b>What is the command used to fetch first 5 characters of the string?</b><br/> |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +<b>1. What is the command used to fetch first 5 characters of the string?</b><br/> |
4 | 4 | There are many ways to fetch first 5 characters of the string - <br/> |
5 | 5 | a) Select SUBSTRING(StudentName,1,5) as studentname from student <br/> |
6 | 6 | b) Select RIGHT(Studentname,5) as studentname from student |
| 7 | +<br/> |
| 8 | +<br/> <b>2. How to create a Foreign key </b> |
| 9 | + |
| 10 | + |
| 11 | +a). CREATE TABLE Orders (<br/> |
| 12 | + OrderID int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,<br/> |
| 13 | + OrderNumber int NOT NULL,<br/> |
| 14 | + PersonID int FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Persons(PersonID) <br/> |
| 15 | +);<br/> |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | +b). ALTER TABLE Orders |
| 18 | +ADD FOREIGN KEY (PersonID) REFERENCES Persons(PersonID); |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | +c) ALTER TABLE Orders |
| 21 | +ADD CONSTRAINT FK_PersonOrder |
| 22 | +FOREIGN KEY (PersonID) REFERENCES Persons(PersonID); |
| 23 | + |
| 24 | +<br/> |
| 25 | + |
| 26 | +<b>3. Handle Exception in SQL</b><br/> |
| 27 | +<p>BEGIN TRY <br/> |
| 28 | +DECLARE @Mynum INT <br/> |
| 29 | +---- Divide by zero Error<br/> |
| 30 | + SET @Mynum = 10/0<br/> |
| 31 | + PRINT 'This will not execute'<br/> |
| 32 | +END TRY<br/> |
| 33 | +BEGIN CATCH<br/> |
| 34 | +SELECT @@Error, @@ROWCOUNT<br/> |
| 35 | +SELECT ERROR_NUMBER() AS ErrorNumber, ERROR_SEVERITY() AS ErrorSeverity, ERROR_STATE() AS ErrorState, ERROR_PROCEDURE() AS ErrorProcedure, ERROR_LINE() AS ErrorLine, ERROR_MESSAGE() AS ErrorMessage;<br/> |
| 36 | +END CATCH;<br/> |
| 37 | +GO <p/><br/> |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | + |
| 40 | +<b>4. RaiseError()</b><br/> |
| 41 | +The RAISERROR statement allows you to generate your own error messages and return these messages back to the application using the same format as a system error or warning message generated by SQL Server Database Engine.<br/><b>Syntax : </b>RAISERROR ( { message_id | message_text | @local_variable } |
| 42 | + { ,severity ,state } |
| 43 | + [ ,argument [ ,...n ] ] ) |
| 44 | + [ WITH option [ ,...n ] ]; |
| 45 | + |
| 46 | + <br/> |
| 47 | + |
| 48 | +<b>5. SQL Transactions</b> <br/> |
| 49 | +<pre class="notranslate"> |
| 50 | + <code> |
| 51 | +BEGIN TRANSACTION T1 |
| 52 | + INSERT INTO Customer VALUES (10, 'Code_10', 'Ramesh') |
| 53 | + INSERT INTO Customer VALUES (11, 'Code_11', 'Suresh') |
| 54 | +BEGIN TRANSACTION T2 |
| 55 | + INSERT INTO Customer VALUES (12, 'Code_12', 'Priyanka') |
| 56 | + INSERT INTO Customer VALUES (13, 'Code_13', 'Preety') |
| 57 | + PRINT @@TRANCOUNT --** Here TRANCOUNT value 2** |
| 58 | +COMMIT TRANSACTION T2 -- This does not physically commit |
| 59 | + PRINT @@TRANCOUNT -- **Here TRANCOUNT value 1** |
| 60 | +COMMIT TRANSACTION T1 -- This does a physically commit |
| 61 | + PRINT @@TRANCOUNT --** Here TRANCOUNT value 0 ** |
| 62 | +</code></pre> |
| 63 | + |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | + |
| 66 | + |
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