[iOS] Fix build with Xcode 15.

[bruvzg]

• Add a workaround for linker bug (same as [macOS] Workaround Xcode 15 linker bug. #81968)
• Bump iOS min. version to 12.0, since SDK for 11.0 is no longer included or supported.
• Remove some deprecated code.

Bugsquad edit:

• Fixes Exported XCode project won't build #82454

[Scoppio]

Since you are changing the xcode build target, there is need to add the target change to the documentation as well, those two cannot be different, otherwise we endup with a doc that says you can build for iPhone 11 and an engine that only targets 12 and up.

[akien-mga]

We should fix the build issue on 4.1/4.0 and 3.x/3.5, but ideally there I would like to preserve iOS 11 support (at least for release branches, for 3.x we could bump to 12).

[LeandroHPerez]

@akien-mga
@bruvzg

I noticed that it is not possible to downgrade xcode to version 14.x.
The newest version (Xcode 14.3.1) is not compatible with Macos Sonoma 14.0.
Therefore, if the bug is not fixed, users with Macos Sonoma will not be able to export the Godot project to iOS.
Only Xcode version 15 runs on macos sonoma.

[bruvzg]

but ideally there I would like to preserve iOS 11 support

I'll take a look if it's possible, but I do not think there's any reason to support it. Unlike iOS 12, iOS 11 is completely obsolete and does not receive security updates for 5 years, no one should use it.

[akien-mga]

Ok, let's drop iOS 11 then, if Apple forces our hand there's no reason to fight them.

[akien-mga]

Thanks!

[akien-mga]

Cherry-picked for 4.1.2.

[LeandroHPerez]

I came here to inform that i tested on brand new 4.2-dev6 and cannot perfectly build it in xcode 15 with macbook with Apple Silicon yet....

But now, minimum iOS version is 12.0, this is OK.

Errors:

Complete project and configuration can be found here:
#82551
but now de Godot version is 4.2-dev6

@bruvzg
@akien-mga

[stevencodeuk]

With this issue still existing, what is currently the best combo versions of Godot 4/Xcode to export iOS with plugins with?