|
| 1 | +--- |
| 2 | +title: GramIO Cheat Sheet - Quick Reference for Telegram Bot Development |
| 3 | +head: |
| 4 | + - - meta |
| 5 | + - name: "description" |
| 6 | + content: "Quick reference for GramIO — the TypeScript Telegram Bot API framework. Commands, triggers, keyboards, formatting, plugins, hooks and more in one place." |
| 7 | + - - meta |
| 8 | + - name: "keywords" |
| 9 | + content: "GramIO, cheat sheet, quick reference, telegram bot, TypeScript, commands, triggers, keyboards, hooks, plugins, formatting, sessions, files" |
| 10 | +--- |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +# Cheat Sheet |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +Quick reference for the most common GramIO patterns. Click any heading to go to the full docs. |
| 15 | + |
| 16 | +## [Setup](/get-started) |
| 17 | + |
| 18 | +```bash |
| 19 | +npm create gramio my-bot |
| 20 | +``` |
| 21 | + |
| 22 | +```ts |
| 23 | +import { Bot } from "gramio"; |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | +const bot = new Bot(process.env.BOT_TOKEN as string); |
| 26 | + |
| 27 | +bot.start(); |
| 28 | +``` |
| 29 | + |
| 30 | +## [Commands](/triggers/command) |
| 31 | + |
| 32 | +```ts |
| 33 | +bot.command("start", (ctx) => ctx.send("Hello!")); |
| 34 | + |
| 35 | +// With arguments: /say hello world → ctx.args = "hello world" |
| 36 | +bot.command("say", (ctx) => ctx.send(ctx.args ?? "nothing")); |
| 37 | +``` |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | +## [Hears](/triggers/hears) |
| 40 | + |
| 41 | +```ts |
| 42 | +// Exact string |
| 43 | +bot.hears("hi", (ctx) => ctx.send("Hey!")); |
| 44 | + |
| 45 | +// Regex — ctx.args holds the match array |
| 46 | +bot.hears(/^hello (.+)/i, (ctx) => ctx.send(`Hi, ${ctx.args?.[1]}!`)); |
| 47 | + |
| 48 | +// Function |
| 49 | +bot.hears( |
| 50 | + (ctx) => ctx.text?.startsWith("?"), |
| 51 | + (ctx) => ctx.send("A question!"), |
| 52 | +); |
| 53 | +``` |
| 54 | + |
| 55 | +## [Listen to any update](/bot-api) |
| 56 | + |
| 57 | +```ts |
| 58 | +bot.on("message", (ctx) => ctx.send("Got your message!")); |
| 59 | + |
| 60 | +bot.on(["message", "edited_message"], (ctx) => ctx.send("New or edited!")); |
| 61 | +``` |
| 62 | + |
| 63 | +## [Inline Keyboard](/keyboards/inline-keyboard) |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | +```ts |
| 66 | +import { InlineKeyboard, CallbackData } from "gramio"; |
| 67 | + |
| 68 | +// Simple text buttons |
| 69 | +const keyboard = new InlineKeyboard() |
| 70 | + .text("Yes ✅", "yes") |
| 71 | + .text("No ❌", "no") |
| 72 | + .row() |
| 73 | + .url("GitHub", "https://github.com/gramiojs/gramio"); |
| 74 | + |
| 75 | +ctx.send("Choose:", { reply_markup: keyboard }); |
| 76 | +``` |
| 77 | + |
| 78 | +```ts |
| 79 | +// Type-safe callback data |
| 80 | +const actionData = new CallbackData("action").number("id"); |
| 81 | + |
| 82 | +ctx.send("Pick one:", { |
| 83 | + reply_markup: new InlineKeyboard() |
| 84 | + .text("Item 1", actionData.pack({ id: 1 })) |
| 85 | + .text("Item 2", actionData.pack({ id: 2 })), |
| 86 | +}); |
| 87 | +``` |
| 88 | + |
| 89 | +## [Callback Query](/triggers/callback-query) |
| 90 | + |
| 91 | +```ts |
| 92 | +// String |
| 93 | +bot.callbackQuery("yes", (ctx) => ctx.editText("You said yes!")); |
| 94 | + |
| 95 | +// Type-safe CallbackData |
| 96 | +const actionData = new CallbackData("action").number("id"); |
| 97 | + |
| 98 | +bot.callbackQuery(actionData, (ctx) => { |
| 99 | + ctx.send(`You picked ID: ${ctx.queryData.id}`); |
| 100 | + // ^? number |
| 101 | +}); |
| 102 | +``` |
| 103 | + |
| 104 | +## [Reply Keyboard](/keyboards/keyboard) |
| 105 | + |
| 106 | +```ts |
| 107 | +import { Keyboard } from "gramio"; |
| 108 | + |
| 109 | +const keyboard = new Keyboard() |
| 110 | + .text("Option A") |
| 111 | + .text("Option B") |
| 112 | + .row() |
| 113 | + .requestLocation("Share location 📍") |
| 114 | + .resized(); |
| 115 | + |
| 116 | +ctx.send("Choose:", { reply_markup: keyboard }); |
| 117 | +``` |
| 118 | + |
| 119 | +## [Remove Keyboard](/keyboards/remove-keyboard) |
| 120 | + |
| 121 | +```ts |
| 122 | +import { RemoveKeyboard } from "gramio"; |
| 123 | + |
| 124 | +ctx.send("Keyboard removed.", { reply_markup: new RemoveKeyboard() }); |
| 125 | +``` |
| 126 | + |
| 127 | +## [Format Messages](/formatting) |
| 128 | + |
| 129 | +```ts |
| 130 | +import { format, bold, italic, link, code, pre, spoiler } from "gramio"; |
| 131 | + |
| 132 | +ctx.send(format` |
| 133 | + ${bold`Hello!`} Welcome to ${link("GramIO", "https://gramio.dev")}. |
| 134 | +
|
| 135 | + Here is some ${italic`styled`} text and a ${spoiler`surprise`}. |
| 136 | +
|
| 137 | + ${code("inline code")} or a block: |
| 138 | + ${pre("const x = 1;", "typescript")} |
| 139 | +`); |
| 140 | +``` |
| 141 | + |
| 142 | +## [Send Files](/files/media-upload) |
| 143 | + |
| 144 | +```ts |
| 145 | +import { MediaUpload } from "@gramio/files"; |
| 146 | + |
| 147 | +// From disk |
| 148 | +ctx.sendDocument(await MediaUpload.path("./report.pdf")); |
| 149 | + |
| 150 | +// From URL |
| 151 | +ctx.sendPhoto(await MediaUpload.url("https://example.com/cat.png")); |
| 152 | + |
| 153 | +// From Buffer |
| 154 | +ctx.sendDocument(await MediaUpload.buffer(buffer, "file.pdf")); |
| 155 | + |
| 156 | +// By file_id (already uploaded to Telegram) |
| 157 | +ctx.sendPhoto("AgACAgIAAxk..."); |
| 158 | +``` |
| 159 | + |
| 160 | +## [Session](/plugins/official/session) |
| 161 | + |
| 162 | +```ts |
| 163 | +import { session } from "@gramio/session"; |
| 164 | + |
| 165 | +const bot = new Bot(process.env.BOT_TOKEN as string).extend( |
| 166 | + session({ |
| 167 | + key: "session", |
| 168 | + initial: () => ({ count: 0 }), |
| 169 | + }), |
| 170 | +); |
| 171 | + |
| 172 | +bot.command("count", (ctx) => { |
| 173 | + ctx.session.count++; |
| 174 | + // ^? { count: number } |
| 175 | + ctx.send(`Count: ${ctx.session.count}`); |
| 176 | +}); |
| 177 | +``` |
| 178 | + |
| 179 | +## [Error Handling](/hooks/on-error) |
| 180 | + |
| 181 | +```ts |
| 182 | +// Catch all errors |
| 183 | +bot.onError(({ context, kind, error }) => { |
| 184 | + console.error(kind, error.message); |
| 185 | + if (context.is("message")) context.send("Something went wrong."); |
| 186 | +}); |
| 187 | + |
| 188 | +// Only for specific update types |
| 189 | +bot.onError("message", ({ context, kind, error }) => { |
| 190 | + context.send(`${kind}: ${error.message}`); |
| 191 | +}); |
| 192 | + |
| 193 | +// Custom typed errors |
| 194 | +class NoRights extends Error { |
| 195 | + constructor(public role: "admin" | "moderator") { |
| 196 | + super(); |
| 197 | + } |
| 198 | +} |
| 199 | + |
| 200 | +const bot = new Bot(process.env.BOT_TOKEN as string) |
| 201 | + .error("NO_RIGHTS", NoRights) |
| 202 | + .onError(({ kind, error, context }) => { |
| 203 | + if (kind === "NO_RIGHTS" && context.is("message")) |
| 204 | + context.send(`You need the «${error.role}» role.`); |
| 205 | + }); |
| 206 | +``` |
| 207 | + |
| 208 | +## [Hooks](/hooks/overview) |
| 209 | + |
| 210 | +```ts |
| 211 | +bot.onStart((info) => console.log(`@${info.username} is running!`)); |
| 212 | + |
| 213 | +bot.onStop(() => console.log("Shutting down...")); |
| 214 | + |
| 215 | +// Intercept every API request |
| 216 | +bot.preRequest((ctx) => { |
| 217 | + console.log("Calling", ctx.method); |
| 218 | + return ctx; |
| 219 | +}); |
| 220 | +``` |
| 221 | + |
| 222 | +## [Use a Plugin](/plugins/overview) |
| 223 | + |
| 224 | +```ts |
| 225 | +import { autoAnswerCallbackQuery } from "@gramio/auto-answer-callback-query"; |
| 226 | + |
| 227 | +bot.extend(autoAnswerCallbackQuery()); |
| 228 | +``` |
| 229 | + |
| 230 | +## [Write a Plugin](/plugins/how-to-write) |
| 231 | + |
| 232 | +```ts |
| 233 | +import { Plugin } from "gramio"; |
| 234 | + |
| 235 | +const myPlugin = new Plugin("my-plugin").derive("message", (ctx) => ({ |
| 236 | + isAdmin: ctx.from?.id === 123456789, |
| 237 | +})); |
| 238 | + |
| 239 | +bot.extend(myPlugin); |
| 240 | + |
| 241 | +bot.on("message", (ctx) => { |
| 242 | + if (ctx.isAdmin) ctx.send("Hi boss!"); |
| 243 | + // ^? boolean |
| 244 | +}); |
| 245 | +``` |
| 246 | + |
| 247 | +## [Inline Query](/triggers/inline-query) |
| 248 | + |
| 249 | +```ts |
| 250 | +bot.inlineQuery("cats", async (ctx) => { |
| 251 | + await ctx.answer( |
| 252 | + [ |
| 253 | + ctx.buildInlineQueryResult.article({ |
| 254 | + id: "1", |
| 255 | + title: "Cat fact", |
| 256 | + input_message_content: { message_text: "Cats purr at 25Hz." }, |
| 257 | + }), |
| 258 | + ], |
| 259 | + { cache_time: 30 }, |
| 260 | + ); |
| 261 | +}); |
| 262 | +``` |
| 263 | + |
| 264 | +## [Autoload handlers](/plugins/official/autoload) |
| 265 | + |
| 266 | +```ts |
| 267 | +import { autoload } from "@gramio/autoload"; |
| 268 | + |
| 269 | +// Loads all files from ./src/commands/**/*.ts automatically |
| 270 | +const bot = new Bot(process.env.BOT_TOKEN as string).extend(autoload()); |
| 271 | +``` |
| 272 | + |
| 273 | +```ts |
| 274 | +// src/commands/start.ts |
| 275 | +import type { Bot } from "gramio"; |
| 276 | + |
| 277 | +export default (bot: Bot) => bot.command("start", (ctx) => ctx.send("Hi!")); |
| 278 | +``` |
| 279 | + |
| 280 | +## [Scenes (conversations)](/plugins/official/scenes) |
| 281 | + |
| 282 | +```ts |
| 283 | +import { Scene, Scenes } from "@gramio/scenes"; |
| 284 | + |
| 285 | +const loginScene = new Scene("login") |
| 286 | + .step("message", (ctx) => ctx.send("Enter your email:")) |
| 287 | + .step("message", (ctx) => { |
| 288 | + const email = ctx.text; |
| 289 | + return ctx.send(`Got it: ${email}`); |
| 290 | + }); |
| 291 | + |
| 292 | +const bot = new Bot(process.env.BOT_TOKEN as string).extend( |
| 293 | + new Scenes([loginScene]), |
| 294 | +); |
| 295 | + |
| 296 | +bot.command("login", (ctx) => ctx.scene.enter("login")); |
| 297 | +``` |
| 298 | + |
| 299 | +## [Webhook](/updates/webhook) |
| 300 | + |
| 301 | +```ts |
| 302 | +bot.start({ |
| 303 | + webhook: { |
| 304 | + url: "https://example.com/bot", |
| 305 | + port: 8080, |
| 306 | + }, |
| 307 | +}); |
| 308 | +``` |
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