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Added BGNPCGN Baluchi system 2008 #25

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284 changes: 284 additions & 0 deletions maps/bgnpcgn-bal-Arab-Latn-2008.yaml
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---
authority_id: bgnpcgn
id: 2008
language: bal
source_script: Arab
destination_script: Latn
name: ROMANIZATION OF BALUCHI -- BGN/PCGN 2008 System
url: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/693687/ROMANIZATION_OF_BALUCHI.pdf
creation_date: 2008
confirmation date: 2017-11
description: |
The following is the BGN/PCGN-approved romanization
system for deriving standard spellings of Baluchi
geographic names. The romanization system is based on
the Hunterian system of romanization, which has been
used by the Surveys of India and Pakistan for
romanizing Baluchi geographic names for more than one
hundred years. The romanization system is compatible
with all dialects of Baluchi, including Eastern
Baluchi, Western Baluchi, and Southern Baluchi.

The BGN/PCGN system laid out below includes diacritical
marks in order that the original script can be derived
from the romanized form (i.e. it is reversible). For
desk users requiring a diacritic-free form, these
diacritics can simply be removed. In almost every case
the same basic Roman-script characters are kept as are
used in the Hunterian system. The BGN/PCGN forms have
further been designed to harmonize with the BGN/PCGN
Urdu romanization system. In rigorous romanization
(i.e. including diacritics), retroflexion is marked by
a sub-dot, and aspiration is marked by an apostrophe,
where confusion with fricative digraphs could arise.
For letters used only in Arabic loan words, the
rigorous forms have further been designed to harmonize
with the BGN/PCGN Persian romanization system.

notes:
- Occasionally, sequences of /z/ or /s/ plus /h/ may be
encountered, i.e. z·h, s·h. These may be romanized with the
Unicode 'center dot' (U+00B7) separating the two letters,
to distinguish them from the digraphs /zh/ and /sh/.

- The character ة is found very rarely in Baluchi, principally in certain Arabic religious terms, e.g. zakāt
('alms'). It should be romanized t.

- When the letters ال are found, representing the Arabic
definite article, the ل is assimilated to a following 'sun letter' ,د ,ث ,ت
ل ,ظ ,ط , ض , ,ص ,ش ,س , ,ر ,ذ or ن and is romanized t, , d, , r, z, s, sh, ş, ẕ ţ z , l, n accordingly.

- In romanization, the suffixes ءَ (-ā, singular definite)
and ءِ (-ay, possessive) are connected to the previous word
by a hyphen, though they are usually written separately.

- The word for 'and', written as و or ءُ, should be
romanized as –u-, linked by hyphens to the two words it
connects; e.g.,
ہ ٹد و س ٹد → Sind-u-Hind ('The Gangetic Plain').

- Except as specified in notes 4 and 5, word division in romanization should follow word division in the Baluchi script.

- Note that the short vowels in the Baluchi examples are not pointed.

- Certain initial, medial and final characters are not
readily available in a Unicode-encoded font in a standalone form.

- The Romanization columns show only lowercase forms but,
when romanizing, uppercase and lowercase Roman letters as
appropriate should be used.

tests:
# 'Japan'
- source: جا پان
expected: Jāpān

# 'village'
- source: ج لق
expected: ḩalq

# 'foothills or skirts of a mountain'
- source: دامان
expected: dāmān

- source: ڈاڈر
expected: Ḍāḍar

# 'tomb'
- source: گم ٹذ
expected: gumbudh

# 'crossroads'
- source: جار راہ
expected: chār rāh

# 'market'
- source: پازار
expected: bāzār

# 'homeland'
- source: وطن
expected: waţan

# 'Bandar Abbas'
- source: ع ٹّاس
expected: ‘Abbās

# 'Taiwan'
- source: فارموسا
expected: Fārmosā

# 'village'
- source: جلق
expected: ḩalq

- source: ڈاک
expected: Ḍāk

# 'stream, irrigated area, pasture'
- source: مل
expected: mall

- source: ہ یرات
expected: Herāt

# 'Philippines'
- source: فلپاٸن
expected: Filpā’in

- source: مرگاپ
expected: Murgāp

- source: مرو
expected: Marw


map:
characters:
'\u0628' : 'b'
'\u067E' : 'p'
'\u062A' : 't'
'\u0679' : 'ṭ' # see note 8
'\u067C' : 'ṭ' # see note 8

# Represents [θ] in Eastern Baluchi, intervocalically
# and word-finally. Underbar distinguishes from aspirated
# [t^h] (see digraphs section).
'\u062B' : '\u0074\u0332\u0068\u0332' # see note 8
'\u067F' : '\u0074\u0332\u0068\u0332' # see note 8
'\u062C' : 'j' #
'\u0686' : 'ch' #
'\u062D' : 'ḩ' # Also seen جلک

# Largely identical to ح in pronunciation
'\u062E' : 'kh'
'\u062F' : 'd' #
'\u0688' : 'ḍ' #
'\u0689' : 'ḍ' # see note 8

# Represents [ð] in Eastern Baluchi,
# intervocalically and word-finally.
'\u0630' : '\u0064\u0332\u0068\u0332'
'\u0631' : 'r' #
'\u0691' : '\u1E5B' # see note 8
'\u0693' : '\u1E5B' # see note 8
'\u0632' : 'z' #
'\u0698' : 'zh' #
'\u0633' : 's' #
'\u0634' : 'sh' #
'\u0635' : 'ş' #
'\u0636' : 'ẕ' #
'\u0637' : 'ţ' # Also spelled و نو
'\u0638' : 'z' #
'\u0639' : '‘' # Usually not pronounced.
'\u063A' : 'gh'

# Common in Eastern Baluchi, occurs only sporadically
# in Western and Southern Baluchi,
# where it is often replaced by پ
'\u0641' : 'f' #
'\u0642' : 'q' # Pronounced identically to ک
'\u06A9' : 'k' # see note 8
'\u0643' : 'k' # see note 8
'\u06AF' : 'g'
'\u0644' : 'l' # see note 3
'\u0645' : 'm'
'\u0646' : 'n'

# It is undecided whether this character should form
# part of the Baluchi alphabet; we follow Jahani in accepting it.
'\u06BA' : 'ñ'
'\u0648' : 'w'

# Final heh following a consonant represents a short
# vowel. See vowel section for Romanization.
'\u0647' : 'h'
'\u06C1' : 'h'

# ‘Two-eyed heh’ used to represent aspirated consonants
# in Eastern Baluchi.
'\u06BE' : 'h'
'\u0621' : '’'
'\u0626' : '’'
'\u0649' : 'y'

# Consonantal Diagraphs

# Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi
'\u0628\u06BE' : 'bh'

# Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi
'\u067E\u06BE' : 'ph'

# Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi.
# Apostrophe distinguishes from fricative /th/.
'\u062A\u06BE' : 'th’'

# Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi
'\u0679\u06BE' : 'ṭh'

# Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi
'\u062C\u06BE' : 'jh'

# Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi
'\u0686\u06BE' : 'chh'

# Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi.
# Apostrophe distinguishes from fricative /dh/
'\u062D\u06BE' : 'dh’'

# Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi
'\u0688\u06BE' : 'ḍh'

# Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi
'\u0631\u06BE' : '\u1E5B\u0068'

# Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi.
# Apostrophe distinguishes from fricative /kh/
'\u06A9\u06BE' : 'kh’'

# Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi.
# Apostrophe distinguishes from fricative /gh/
'\u06AF\u06BE' : 'gh’' #
'\u0644\u0627' : 'lā' #
'\u06A9\u0627' : 'kā' #
'\u06AF\u0627' : 'gā' #
'\u06A9\u0644' : 'kl' #
'\u06AF\u0644' : 'gl' #

# Vowels, Diphthongs, and Diacritical Marks
'\u0650\u0649' : 'ī' #
'\u0650' : 'i' #
'\u06D2' : 'e' #
'\u0627' : 'ā' #
'\u0622' : 'ā' #
'\u064E' : 'a' #
'\u0648' : 'o' #
'\u064F' : 'u' #
'\u064F\u0648' : 'ū' #
'\u064E\u06D2' : 'ay' #
'\u064E\u0648' : 'aw' #
'\u0652' : '' # Not Romanized
'\u0670' : 'á' #
'\u0651' : '' # Double Consonant
'\u0621\u064E' : '-ā' # see note 4
'\u0621\u0650' : '-ay' # see note 4

# Numerals
'۰' : '0'
'۱' : '1'
'۲' : '2'
'۳' : '3'
'۴' : '4'
'۵' : '5'
'۶' : '6'
'۷' : '7'
'۸' : '8'
'۹' : '9'
# Although Perso-Arabic script is written from right to
# left, numerical expressions, e.g. ۸۶۹۱ → 1968, are
# written from left to right. A comma is inserted into
# longer sequences, either after thousands, millions, etc.