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20 changes: 12 additions & 8 deletions IVOAArchitecture.tex
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -410,17 +410,19 @@ \section{Semantics Standards}
places: From common designations of units to labels for physical
quantities, from common names of reference frames and time scales to
mutually understandable subject categories, from relationship types
between VO resources (``this service publishes images from A and spectrafom B'') to fixed names for the messengers that produced the signals
recorded.
between VO resources
(``this service publishes images from A and spectra from B'') to fixed names
for the messengers that produced the signals recorded.

The VO's semantics standards provide the basis of forming such
consensual ``vocabularies'', which are, at their root, sets of labeled
concepts (which in turn are sets of entities clients deal with). We
also take care that, whereever possible, our vocabularies are
also take care that, wherever possible, our vocabularies are
interoperable with the rest of the semantic web by adopting the W3C's
Resource Description Framework RDF.

The vocabularies themselves are usually introduced by standards that usethem and are then maintained on the VO's repository of
The vocabularies themselves are usually introduced by standards that use
them and are then maintained on the VO's repository of
vocabularies\footnote{\url{http://www.ivoa.net/rdf}}. In some cases,
however, we go beyond RDF, usually because the labels have an intrinsic
syntax. In these cases, the Semantics WG issues separate standards
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -482,9 +484,11 @@ \subsection{UCD}
qualifications. For instance, \ucd{phot.mag;em.opt.V} denotes a
magnitude in the V band, \ucd{phot.flux;em.opt.V} a flux in the same
band. The UCD standard defines how these compound UCDs are built, and
the UCD list defines restrictions as to where in complete UCDs atoms canbe used: some atoms can only be ``primary'', others are only available
the UCD list defines restrictions as to where in complete UCDs atoms can be
used: some atoms can only be ``primary'', others are only available
as qualifiers. For instance, \ucd{stat.error} can only appear at the
start of a UCD, which ensures that ``Error in redshift'' will be encodedas \ucd{stat.error;src.redshift} rather than the other way round.
start of a UCD, which ensures that ``Error in redshift'' will be encoded
as \ucd{stat.error;src.redshift} rather than the other way round.

The UCD ecosystem is completed by another standard on how new atoms are
adopted to the list of UCDs.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -704,7 +708,7 @@ \subsection{VO-DML}
\subsection{MIVOT}

The Model Instances in VOTables (MIVOT) \citep{2023ivoa.spec.0620M}
defines a syntax to map VOTable data to any model serizalized in VO-DML.
defines a syntax to map VOTable data to any model serialized in VO-DML.
The annotation operates as a bridge between the data and the model. It
associates the column/param metadata from the VOTable to the data model
elements (class, attributes, types, etc.) of a standardized IVOA data
Expand All @@ -715,7 +719,7 @@ \subsection{MIVOT}
syntax. This annotation block is added as an extra resource element at
the top of the VOTable result resource. The MIVOT syntax allows to
describe a data structure as a hierarchy of classes. It is also able to
represent relations and composition between them.It can also build up
represent relations and composition between them. It can also build up
data model objects by aggregating instances from different tables of the
VOTable. Missing metadata can also be provided using MIVOT, for instance
by completing coordinate system description, or by providing curation
Expand Down