emacs/vi: Fix <Tab> behaviour after command substitution

Tab completion in emacs and vi wrongly parses and executes command
substitutions. Example reproducers:

  $ $(~)<Tab>		# Result:
  $ $(~)ksh[1]: /home/johno: cannot execute [Is a directory]

  $ $(~ksh)<Tab>	# Result:
  $ $(~ksh)ksh: /home/johno/GitRepos/KornShell/ksh: cannot execute [Is a directory]

  $ $(echo true)<Tab>	# Result:
  $ /usr/bin/true	# or just 'true' -- it's unpredictable

In addition, backtick command substitutions had the following bug:

  $ `echo hi`<Tab>	# Result:
  $ `echo hi`ksh: line 1: BUG_BRACQUOT_test.sh: not found

(where BUG_BRACQUOT_test.sh happens to be lexically the
first-listed file in my ksh development working directory).

There's also a crash associated with this due to an access beyond
buffer boundaries, which is only triggered on some systems (macOS
included).

src/cmd/ksh93/edit/completion.c:
- find_begin():
  * When finding the beginning of a command substitution and the
    last character is ')', do not increase the character pointer
    cp. Increasing it caused the condition 'if(c && c==endchar)' in
    the 'default:' block to be true, causing 'return(xp);' to be
    executed, which returns a pointer the beginning of the command
    substitution to ed_expand() on line 290, so that ed_expand()
    eventually executes the command substitution with the
    sh_argbuild() call on line 349. After deleting this 'else
    cp++', that statement 'if(c && c==endchar) return(xp);' is not
    executed and `find_begin()` returns the null pointer, which
    avoids anything being executed. Thanks to @JohnoKing:
    #268 (comment)
  * Add code for properly skipping over backtick-style command
    substitutions, based on the $( ) code.
- ed_expand(): Avoid out[-1] reading one byte to the left of
  outbuff by first checking that out>outbuff. Thanks to @JohnoKing
  for using ASan to find the location of the crash:
  #268 (comment)

src/cmd/ksh93/tests/pty.sh:
- Test for the bugs detailed above.

Resolves: #268

Author: McDutchie

src/cmd/ksh93/edit/completion.c

@@ -173,10 +173,16 @@ static char *find_begin(char outbuff[], char *last, int endchar, int *type)
 				xp = find_begin(cp,last,')',type);
 				if(*(cp=xp)!=')')
 					bp = xp;
-				else
-					cp++;
 			}
 			break;
+		    case '`':
+			if(inquote=='\'')
+				break;
+			*type = mode;
+			xp = find_begin(cp,last,'`',type);
+			if(*(cp=xp)!='`')
+				bp = xp;
+			break;
 		    case '=':
 			if(!inquote)
 			{
@@ -447,9 +453,9 @@ int ed_expand(Edit_t *ep, char outbuff[],int *cur,int *eol,int mode, int count)
 					out = overlaid(begin,*com++,nocase);
 			}
 			mode = (out==saveout);
-			if(out[-1]==0)
+			if(out>outbuff && out[-1]==0)
 				out--;
-			if(mode && out[-1]!='/')
+			if(mode && (out==outbuff || out>outbuff && out[-1]!='/'))
 			{
 				if(cmd_completion)
 				{

src/cmd/ksh93/tests/pty.sh

@@ -858,5 +858,19 @@ w test \$\{.sh.level\t
 r ^:test-1: test \$\{.sh.level\}\r\n$
 !
 
+# err_exit #
+((SHOPT_VSH || SHOPT_ESH)) && tst $LINENO <<"!"
+L tab completion executes command substitutions
+# https://github.com/ksh93/ksh/issues/268
+
+d 15
+p :test-1:
+w $(echo true)\t
+r ^:test-1: \$\(echo true\)\r\n$
+p :test-2:
+w `echo true`\t
+r ^:test-2: `echo true`\r\n$
+!
+
 # ======
 exit $((Errors<125?Errors:125))