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@s-perron s-perron commented Nov 21, 2025

This commit adds support for 'peeled arrays' in HLSL constant buffers.
HLSL CBuffers may have padding between array elements but not after the
last element. This is represented in LLVM IR as {[N-1 x {T, pad}], T}.

Changes include:

  • Recognition of the peeled array pattern.
  • Logic to reconstitute these into SPIR-V compatible arrays.
  • Support for spirv.Padding type in GlobalRegistry and Builtins.
  • Updates to SPIRVCBufferAccess to correctly calculate member offsets
    in these padded structures.

Depends on #169076

@llvmbot
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llvmbot commented Nov 21, 2025

@llvm/pr-subscribers-backend-spir-v

Author: Steven Perron (s-perron)

Changes
  • [SPIRV] Improve Logical SPIR-V Pointer Access and GEP Legalization
  • [SPIRV] Support Peeled Array Layouts for HLSL CBuffers

Patch is 47.01 KiB, truncated to 20.00 KiB below, full version: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/169078.diff

15 Files Affected:

  • (modified) llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVBuiltins.cpp (+2)
  • (modified) llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVCBufferAccess.cpp (+8-3)
  • (modified) llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVEmitIntrinsics.cpp (+57-16)
  • (modified) llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVGlobalRegistry.cpp (+23)
  • (modified) llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVGlobalRegistry.h (+2)
  • (modified) llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVIRMapping.h (+5)
  • (modified) llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVInstructionSelector.cpp (+6)
  • (modified) llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVLegalizePointerCast.cpp (+12-22)
  • (modified) llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVUtils.cpp (+65)
  • (modified) llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVUtils.h (+15)
  • (added) llvm/test/CodeGen/SPIRV/hlsl-resources/cbuffer-array.ll (+71)
  • (added) llvm/test/CodeGen/SPIRV/hlsl-resources/cbuffer-peeled-array-minimal.ll (+65)
  • (added) llvm/test/CodeGen/SPIRV/hlsl-resources/cbuffer-peeled-array.ll (+64)
  • (added) llvm/test/CodeGen/SPIRV/hlsl-resources/cbuffer-simple.ll (+68)
  • (added) llvm/test/CodeGen/SPIRV/hlsl-resources/cbuffer-struct.ll (+146)
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVBuiltins.cpp b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVBuiltins.cpp
index b2cbdb2ad7375..709f49b0fecc1 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVBuiltins.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVBuiltins.cpp
@@ -3373,6 +3373,8 @@ SPIRVType *lowerBuiltinType(const Type *OpaqueType,
     TargetType = getInlineSpirvType(BuiltinType, MIRBuilder, GR);
   } else if (Name == "spirv.VulkanBuffer") {
     TargetType = getVulkanBufferType(BuiltinType, MIRBuilder, GR);
+  } else if (Name == "spirv.Padding") {
+    TargetType = GR->getOrCreatePaddingType(MIRBuilder);
   } else if (Name == "spirv.Layout") {
     TargetType = getLayoutType(BuiltinType, MIRBuilder, GR);
   } else {
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVCBufferAccess.cpp b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVCBufferAccess.cpp
index 329774df554f4..227d8716d974a 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVCBufferAccess.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVCBufferAccess.cpp
@@ -79,15 +79,20 @@ static bool replaceCBufferAccesses(Module &M) {
     // The handle definition should dominate all uses of the cbuffer members.
     // We'll insert our getpointer calls right after it.
     IRBuilder<> Builder(HandleDef->getNextNode());
+    auto *HandleTy = cast<TargetExtType>(Mapping.Handle->getValueType());
+    auto *LayoutTy = cast<StructType>(HandleTy->getTypeParameter(0));
+    const StructLayout *SL = M.getDataLayout().getStructLayout(LayoutTy);
 
-    for (uint32_t Index = 0; Index < Mapping.Members.size(); ++Index) {
-      GlobalVariable *MemberGV = Mapping.Members[Index].GV;
+    for (const hlsl::CBufferMember &Member : Mapping.Members) {
+      GlobalVariable *MemberGV = Member.GV;
       if (MemberGV->use_empty()) {
         continue;
       }
 
+      uint32_t IndexInStruct = SL->getElementContainingOffset(Member.Offset);
+
       // Create the getpointer intrinsic call.
-      Value *IndexVal = Builder.getInt32(Index);
+      Value *IndexVal = Builder.getInt32(IndexInStruct);
       Type *PtrType = MemberGV->getType();
       Value *GetPointerCall = Builder.CreateIntrinsic(
           PtrType, Intrinsic::spv_resource_getpointer, {HandleDef, IndexVal});
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVEmitIntrinsics.cpp b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVEmitIntrinsics.cpp
index 8e14fb03127fc..fc76bafe7e329 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVEmitIntrinsics.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVEmitIntrinsics.cpp
@@ -841,6 +841,7 @@ Type *SPIRVEmitIntrinsics::deduceElementTypeHelper(
           uint32_t Index = cast<ConstantInt>(II->getOperand(1))->getZExtValue();
           Ty = cast<StructType>(Ty)->getElementType(Index);
         }
+        Ty = reconstitutePeeledArrayType(Ty);
       } else {
         llvm_unreachable("Unknown handle type for spv_resource_getpointer.");
       }
@@ -1569,16 +1570,60 @@ Instruction *SPIRVEmitIntrinsics::visitSwitchInst(SwitchInst &I) {
   return BrI;
 }
 
-Instruction *SPIRVEmitIntrinsics::visitGetElementPtrInst(GetElementPtrInst &I) {
-  if (I.getSourceElementType() == IntegerType::getInt8Ty(CurrF->getContext()) &&
-      TM->getSubtargetImpl()->isLogicalSPIRV()) {
-    Instruction *Result = buildLogicalAccessChainFromGEP(I);
-    if (Result)
-      return Result;
+static bool isFirstIndexZero(const GetElementPtrInst *GEP) {
+  if (GEP->getNumIndices() == 0)
+    return false;
+  if (const auto *CI = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(GEP->getOperand(1))) {
+    return CI->getZExtValue() == 0;
   }
+  return false;
+}
 
+Instruction *SPIRVEmitIntrinsics::visitGetElementPtrInst(GetElementPtrInst &I) {
   IRBuilder<> B(I.getParent());
   B.SetInsertPoint(&I);
+
+  if (TM->getSubtargetImpl()->isLogicalSPIRV() && !isFirstIndexZero(&I)) {
+    // Logical SPIR-V cannot use the OpPtrAccessChain instruction. If the first
+    // index of the GEP is not 0, then we need to try to adjust it.
+    //
+    // If the GEP is doing byte addressing, try to rebuild the full access chain
+    // from the type of the pointer.
+    if (I.getSourceElementType() ==
+        IntegerType::getInt8Ty(CurrF->getContext())) {
+      Instruction *Result = buildLogicalAccessChainFromGEP(I);
+      if (Result) {
+        return Result;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Look for the array-to-pointer decay. If this is the pattern
+    // we can adjust the types, and prepend a 0 to the indices.
+    Value *PtrOp = I.getPointerOperand();
+    Type *SrcElemTy = I.getSourceElementType();
+    Type *DeducedPointeeTy = deduceElementType(PtrOp, true);
+
+    if (auto *ArrTy = dyn_cast<ArrayType>(DeducedPointeeTy)) {
+      if (ArrTy->getElementType() == SrcElemTy) {
+        SmallVector<Value *> NewIndices;
+        Type *FirstIdxType = I.getOperand(1)->getType();
+        NewIndices.push_back(ConstantInt::get(FirstIdxType, 0));
+        for (Value *Idx : I.indices())
+          NewIndices.push_back(Idx);
+
+        SmallVector<Type *, 2> Types = {I.getType(), I.getPointerOperandType()};
+        SmallVector<Value *, 4> Args;
+        Args.push_back(B.getInt1(I.isInBounds()));
+        Args.push_back(I.getPointerOperand());
+        Args.append(NewIndices.begin(), NewIndices.end());
+
+        auto *NewI = B.CreateIntrinsic(Intrinsic::spv_gep, {Types}, {Args});
+        replaceAllUsesWithAndErase(B, &I, NewI);
+        return NewI;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   SmallVector<Type *, 2> Types = {I.getType(), I.getOperand(0)->getType()};
   SmallVector<Value *, 4> Args;
   Args.push_back(B.getInt1(I.isInBounds()));
@@ -1772,16 +1817,12 @@ void SPIRVEmitIntrinsics::insertPtrCastOrAssignTypeInstr(Instruction *I,
     Value *Pointer = GEPI->getPointerOperand();
     Type *OpTy = nullptr;
 
-    // Knowing the accessed type is mandatory for logical SPIR-V. Sadly,
-    // the GEP source element type should not be used for this purpose, and
-    // the alternative type-scavenging method is not working.
-    // Physical SPIR-V can work around this, but not logical, hence still
-    // try to rely on the broken type scavenging for logical.
-    bool IsRewrittenGEP =
-        GEPI->getSourceElementType() == IntegerType::getInt8Ty(I->getContext());
-    if (IsRewrittenGEP && TM->getSubtargetImpl()->isLogicalSPIRV()) {
-      Value *Src = getPointerRoot(Pointer);
-      OpTy = GR->findDeducedElementType(Src);
+    // Logical SPIR-V is not allowed to use Op*PtrAccessChain instructions. If
+    // the first index is 0, then we can trivially lower to OpAccessChain. If
+    // not we need to try to rewrite the GEP. We avoid adding a pointer cast at
+    // this time, and will rewrite the GEP when visiting it.
+    if (TM->getSubtargetImpl()->isLogicalSPIRV() && !isFirstIndexZero(GEPI)) {
+      return;
     }
 
     // In all cases, fall back to the GEP type if type scavenging failed.
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVGlobalRegistry.cpp b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVGlobalRegistry.cpp
index 76fd834fd7219..b67b16c87e862 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVGlobalRegistry.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVGlobalRegistry.cpp
@@ -889,6 +889,17 @@ SPIRVType *SPIRVGlobalRegistry::getOpTypeStruct(
     const StructType *Ty, MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder,
     SPIRV::AccessQualifier::AccessQualifier AccQual,
     StructOffsetDecorator Decorator, bool EmitIR) {
+  Type *OriginalElementType = nullptr;
+  uint64_t TotalSize = 0;
+  if (matchPeeledArrayPattern(Ty, OriginalElementType, TotalSize)) {
+    SPIRVType *ElementSPIRVType = findSPIRVType(
+        OriginalElementType, MIRBuilder, AccQual,
+        /* ExplicitLayoutRequired= */ Decorator != nullptr, EmitIR);
+    return getOpTypeArray(TotalSize, ElementSPIRVType, MIRBuilder,
+                          /*ExplicitLayoutRequired=*/Decorator != nullptr,
+                          EmitIR);
+  }
+
   const SPIRVSubtarget &ST =
       cast<SPIRVSubtarget>(MIRBuilder.getMF().getSubtarget());
   SmallVector<Register, 4> FieldTypes;
@@ -1405,6 +1416,18 @@ SPIRVType *SPIRVGlobalRegistry::getOrCreateVulkanBufferType(
   return R;
 }
 
+SPIRVType *
+SPIRVGlobalRegistry::getOrCreatePaddingType(MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder) {
+  auto Key = SPIRV::irhandle_padding();
+  if (const MachineInstr *MI = findMI(Key, &MIRBuilder.getMF()))
+    return MI;
+  auto *T = Type::getInt8Ty(MIRBuilder.getContext());
+  SPIRVType *R = getOrCreateSPIRVIntegerType(8, MIRBuilder);
+  finishCreatingSPIRVType(T, R);
+  add(Key, R);
+  return R;
+}
+
 SPIRVType *SPIRVGlobalRegistry::getOrCreateLayoutType(
     MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder, const TargetExtType *T, bool EmitIr) {
   auto Key = SPIRV::handle(T);
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVGlobalRegistry.h b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVGlobalRegistry.h
index c230e62e795e8..f6098634a81dc 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVGlobalRegistry.h
+++ b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVGlobalRegistry.h
@@ -611,6 +611,8 @@ class SPIRVGlobalRegistry : public SPIRVIRMapping {
                                          SPIRV::StorageClass::StorageClass SC,
                                          bool IsWritable, bool EmitIr = false);
 
+  SPIRVType *getOrCreatePaddingType(MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder);
+
   SPIRVType *getOrCreateLayoutType(MachineIRBuilder &MIRBuilder,
                                    const TargetExtType *T, bool EmitIr = false);
 
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVIRMapping.h b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVIRMapping.h
index c99d603d340ea..47c7676d5631c 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVIRMapping.h
+++ b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVIRMapping.h
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ enum SpecialTypeKind {
   STK_Value,
   STK_MachineInstr,
   STK_VkBuffer,
+  STK_Padding,
   STK_ExplictLayoutType,
   STK_Last = -1
 };
@@ -149,6 +150,10 @@ inline IRHandle irhandle_vkbuffer(const Type *ElementType,
                          SpecialTypeKind::STK_VkBuffer);
 }
 
+inline IRHandle irhandle_padding() {
+  return std::make_tuple(nullptr, 0, SpecialTypeKind::STK_Padding);
+}
+
 inline IRHandle irhandle_explict_layout_type(const Type *Ty) {
   const Type *WrpTy = unifyPtrType(Ty);
   return irhandle_ptr(WrpTy, Ty->getTypeID(), STK_ExplictLayoutType);
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVInstructionSelector.cpp b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVInstructionSelector.cpp
index d3fc08eb56cb3..69606c10fb224 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVInstructionSelector.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVInstructionSelector.cpp
@@ -467,6 +467,7 @@ static bool isConstReg(MachineRegisterInfo *MRI, MachineInstr *OpDef,
   switch (Opcode) {
   case TargetOpcode::G_CONSTANT:
   case TargetOpcode::G_FCONSTANT:
+  case TargetOpcode::G_IMPLICIT_DEF:
     return true;
   case TargetOpcode::G_INTRINSIC:
   case TargetOpcode::G_INTRINSIC_W_SIDE_EFFECTS:
@@ -3088,6 +3089,11 @@ bool SPIRVInstructionSelector::selectGEP(Register ResVReg,
                  .addUse(GR.getSPIRVTypeID(ResType))
                  // Object to get a pointer to.
                  .addUse(I.getOperand(3).getReg());
+  assert(Opcode == SPIRV::OpPtrAccessChain ||
+         Opcode == SPIRV::OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain ||
+         (getImm(I.getOperand(4), MRI) && foldImm(I.getOperand(4), MRI) == 0) &&
+             "Cannot translate GEP to OpAccessChain. First index must be 0.");
+
   // Adding indices.
   const unsigned StartingIndex =
       (Opcode == SPIRV::OpAccessChain || Opcode == SPIRV::OpInBoundsAccessChain)
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVLegalizePointerCast.cpp b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVLegalizePointerCast.cpp
index 4ce871b6f5e5d..81c7596530ee2 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVLegalizePointerCast.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVLegalizePointerCast.cpp
@@ -104,9 +104,13 @@ class SPIRVLegalizePointerCast : public FunctionPass {
   Value *loadFirstValueFromAggregate(IRBuilder<> &B, Type *ElementType,
                                      Value *Source, LoadInst *BadLoad) {
     SmallVector<Type *, 2> Types = {BadLoad->getPointerOperandType(),
-                                    BadLoad->getPointerOperandType()};
-    SmallVector<Value *, 3> Args{/* isInBounds= */ B.getInt1(false), Source,
-                                 B.getInt32(0), B.getInt32(0)};
+                                    Source->getType()};
+    SmallVector<Value *, 8> Args{/* isInBounds= */ B.getInt1(false), Source};
+
+    Type *AggregateType = GR->findDeducedElementType(Source);
+    assert(AggregateType && "Could not deduce aggregate type");
+    buildGEPIndexChain(B, ElementType, AggregateType, Args);
+
     auto *GEP = B.CreateIntrinsic(Intrinsic::spv_gep, {Types}, {Args});
     GR->buildAssignPtr(B, ElementType, GEP);
 
@@ -201,34 +205,20 @@ class SPIRVLegalizePointerCast : public FunctionPass {
 
     auto *SAT = dyn_cast<ArrayType>(FromTy);
     auto *SVT = dyn_cast<FixedVectorType>(FromTy);
-    auto *SST = dyn_cast<StructType>(FromTy);
     auto *DVT = dyn_cast<FixedVectorType>(ToTy);
 
     B.SetInsertPoint(LI);
 
-    // Destination is the element type of Source, and source is an array ->
-    // Loading 1st element.
+    // Destination is the element type of some member of FromTy. For example,
+    // loading the 1st element of an array:
     // - float a = array[0];
-    if (SAT && SAT->getElementType() == ToTy)
-      Output = loadFirstValueFromAggregate(B, SAT->getElementType(),
-                                           OriginalOperand, LI);
-    // Destination is the element type of Source, and source is a vector ->
-    // Vector to scalar.
-    // - float a = vector.x;
-    else if (!DVT && SVT && SVT->getElementType() == ToTy) {
-      Output = loadFirstValueFromAggregate(B, SVT->getElementType(),
-                                           OriginalOperand, LI);
-    }
+    if (isTypeFirstElementAggregate(ToTy, FromTy))
+      Output = loadFirstValueFromAggregate(B, ToTy, OriginalOperand, LI);
     // Destination is a smaller vector than source or different vector type.
     // - float3 v3 = vector4;
     // - float4 v2 = int4;
     else if (SVT && DVT)
       Output = loadVectorFromVector(B, SVT, DVT, OriginalOperand);
-    // Destination is the scalar type stored at the start of an aggregate.
-    // - struct S { float m };
-    // - float v = s.m;
-    else if (SST && SST->getTypeAtIndex(0u) == ToTy)
-      Output = loadFirstValueFromAggregate(B, ToTy, OriginalOperand, LI);
     else if (SAT && DVT && SAT->getElementType() == DVT->getElementType())
       Output = loadVectorFromArray(B, DVT, OriginalOperand);
     else
@@ -334,7 +324,7 @@ class SPIRVLegalizePointerCast : public FunctionPass {
   Value *storeToFirstValueAggregate(IRBuilder<> &B, Value *Src, Value *Dst,
                                     Type *DstPointeeType, Align Alignment) {
     SmallVector<Type *, 2> Types = {Dst->getType(), Dst->getType()};
-    SmallVector<Value *, 3> Args{/* isInBounds= */ B.getInt1(true), Dst};
+    SmallVector<Value *, 8> Args{/* isInBounds= */ B.getInt1(true), Dst};
     buildGEPIndexChain(B, Src->getType(), DstPointeeType, Args);
     auto *GEP = B.CreateIntrinsic(Intrinsic::spv_gep, {Types}, {Args});
     GR->buildAssignPtr(B, Src->getType(), GEP);
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVUtils.cpp b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVUtils.cpp
index 8f2fc01da476f..3a5069928848b 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVUtils.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVUtils.cpp
@@ -1042,6 +1042,71 @@ getFirstValidInstructionInsertPoint(MachineBasicBlock &BB) {
                                                                      : VarPos;
 }
 
+bool matchPeeledArrayPattern(const StructType *Ty, Type *&OriginalElementType,
+                             uint64_t &TotalSize) {
+  // An array of N padded structs is represented as {[N-1 x <{T, pad}>], T}.
+  if (!Ty->isStructTy() || Ty->getStructNumElements() != 2)
+    return false;
+
+  Type *FirstElement = Ty->getStructElementType(0);
+  Type *SecondElement = Ty->getStructElementType(1);
+
+  if (!FirstElement->isArrayTy())
+    return false;
+
+  Type *ArrayElementType = FirstElement->getArrayElementType();
+  if (!ArrayElementType->isStructTy() ||
+      ArrayElementType->getStructNumElements() != 2)
+    return false;
+
+  Type *T_in_struct = ArrayElementType->getStructElementType(0);
+  if (T_in_struct != SecondElement)
+    return false;
+
+  const uint64_t ArraySize = FirstElement->getArrayNumElements();
+  TotalSize = ArraySize + 1;
+  OriginalElementType = ArrayElementType;
+  return true;
+}
+
+Type *reconstitutePeeledArrayType(Type *Ty) {
+  if (!Ty->isStructTy())
+    return Ty;
+
+  auto *STy = cast<StructType>(Ty);
+  Type *OriginalElementType = nullptr;
+  uint64_t TotalSize = 0;
+  if (matchPeeledArrayPattern(STy, OriginalElementType, TotalSize)) {
+    Type *ResultTy = ArrayType::get(
+        reconstitutePeeledArrayType(OriginalElementType), TotalSize);
+    return ResultTy;
+  }
+
+  SmallVector<Type *, 4> NewElementTypes;
+  bool Changed = false;
+  for (Type *ElementTy : STy->elements()) {
+    Type *NewElementTy = reconstitutePeeledArrayType(ElementTy);
+    if (NewElementTy != ElementTy)
+      Changed = true;
+    NewElementTypes.push_back(NewElementTy);
+  }
+
+  if (Changed) {
+    Type *ResultTy;
+    if (STy->isLiteral())
+      ResultTy =
+          StructType::get(STy->getContext(), NewElementTypes, STy->isPacked());
+    else {
+      auto *NewTy = StructType::create(STy->getContext(), STy->getName());
+      NewTy->setBody(NewElementTypes, STy->isPacked());
+      ResultTy = NewTy;
+    }
+    return ResultTy;
+  }
+
+  return Ty;
+}
+
 std::optional<SPIRV::LinkageType::LinkageType>
 getSpirvLinkageTypeFor(const SPIRVSubtarget &ST, const GlobalValue &GV) {
   if (GV.hasLocalLinkage() || GV.hasHiddenVisibility())
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVUtils.h b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVUtils.h
index 99d9d403ea70c..45e211a1e5d2a 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVUtils.h
+++ b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVUtils.h
@@ -321,6 +321,21 @@ Type *parseBasicTypeName(StringRef &TypeName, LLVMContext &Ctx);
 // Returns true if the function was changed.
 bool sortBlocks(Function &F);
 
+// Check for peeled array structs and recursively reconstitute them. In HLSL
+// CBuffers, arrays may have padding between the elements, but not after the
+// last element. To represent this in LLVM IR an array [N x T] will be
+// represented as {[N-1 x {T, spirv.Padding}], T}. The function
+// matchPeeledArrayPattern recognizes this pattern retrieving the type {T,
+// spirv.Padding}, and the size N.
+bool matchPeeledArrayPattern(const StructType *Ty, Type *&OriginalElementType,
+                             uint64_t &TotalSize);
+
+// This function will turn the type {[N-1 x {T, spirv.Padding}], T} back into
+// [N x {T, spirv.Padding}]. So it can be translated into SPIR-V. The offset
+// decorations will be such that there will be no padding after the array when
+// relevant.
+Type *reconstitutePeeledArrayType(Type *Ty);
+
 inline bool hasInitializer(const GlobalVariable *GV) {
   return GV->hasInitializer() && !isa<UndefValue>(GV->getInitializer());
 }
diff --git a/llvm/test/CodeGen/SPIRV/hlsl-resources/cbuffer-array.ll b/llvm/test/CodeGen/SPIRV/hlsl-resources/cbuffer-array.ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..15b4320d2683d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/CodeGen/SPIRV/hlsl-resources/cbuffer-array.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+; RUN: llc -O0 -mtriple=spirv-unknown-vulkan-compute %s -o - | FileCheck %s
+; RUN: %if spirv-tools %{ llc -O0 -mtriple=spirv-unknown-vulkan-compute %s -o - -filetype=obj | spirv-val %}
+
+; CHECK-DAG: %[[FLOAT:[0-9]+]] = OpTypeFloat 32
+; CHECK-DAG: %[[VEC4:[0-9]+]] = OpTypeVector %[[FLOAT]] 4
+; CHECK-DAG: %[[PTR_VEC4:[0-9]+]] = OpTypePointer Uniform %[[VEC4]]
+; CHECK-DAG: %[[INT:[0-9]+]] = OpTypeInt 32 0
+; CHECK-DAG: %[[PTR_INT:[0-9]+]] = OpTypePointer Uniform %[[INT]]
+; CHECK-DAG: %[[INT64:[0-9]+]] = OpTypeInt 64 0
+; CHECK-DAG: %[[CONST_4:[0-9]+]] = OpConstant %[[INT]] 4{{$}}
+
+; CHECK: %[[ARRAY:[0-9]+]] = OpTypeArray %[[VEC4]] %[[CONST_4]]
+; CHECK-DAG: %[[PTR_ARRAY:[0-9]+]] = OpTypePointer Uniform %[[ARRAY]]
+
+; CHECK: %[[STRUCT_INNER:[0-9]+]] = OpTypeStruct %[[ARRAY]] %[[INT]]
+; CHECK: %[[STRUCT_CBUFFER:[0-9]+]] = OpTypeStruct %[[STRUCT_INNER]]
+; CHECK: %[[PTR_CBUFFER:[0-9]+]] = OpTypePointer Uniform %[[STRUCT_CBUFFER]]
+
+; CHECK-DAG: %[[ZERO:[0-9]+]] = OpConstant %[[INT]] 0{{$}}
+; CHECK-DAG: %[[ONE:[0-9]+]] = OpConstant %[[INT]] 1{{$}}
+
+; CHECK: %[[CBUFFER:[0-9]+]] = OpVariable %[[PTR_CBUFFER]] Uniform
+
+%__cblayout_MyCBuffer = type <{ [4 x <4 x float>], i32 }>
+
+@MyCBuffer.cb = local_unnamed_addr global target("spirv.VulkanBuffer", %__cblayout_MyCBuffer, 2, 0) poison
+@co...
[truncated]

@s-perron s-perron changed the title cbuffer final [SPIRV] Support Peeled Array Layouts for HLSL CBuffers Nov 21, 2025
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FYI: @bogner

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github-actions bot commented Nov 21, 2025

🐧 Linux x64 Test Results

  • 186609 tests passed
  • 4884 tests skipped

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The offset for the structs and array are wrong. I'll keep looking into that for a follow up PR.

@s-perron s-perron requested a review from Keenuts November 25, 2025 18:42
This commit adds support for 'peeled arrays' in HLSL constant buffers.
HLSL CBuffers may have padding between array elements but not after the
last element. This is represented in LLVM IR as {[N-1 x {T, pad}], T}.

Changes include:
- Recognition of the peeled array pattern.
- Logic to reconstitute these into SPIR-V compatible arrays.
- Support for spirv.Padding type in GlobalRegistry and Builtins.
- Updates to SPIRVCBufferAccess to correctly calculate member offsets
  in these padded structures.
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Rebased on main after #169076 was merged.

@s-perron s-perron merged commit 6e983e3 into llvm:main Nov 26, 2025
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4 participants