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Word square

A word square is a puzzle that involves arranging words in a grid so that they're the same horizontally and vertically. Finding a perfect 10-word square in English has been an open problem for over a century. This repository provides a solution to this problem using a novel algorithm that significantly reduces the search space. For more information about the algorithm and the solution, see the publication and code in the repository.

Perfect 10-square

S C A P H A R C A E
C E R R A T E A N A
A R G O L E T I E R
P R O C O L I C I N
H A L O B O R A T E
A T E L O M E R E S
R E T I R E M E N T
C A I C A R E N S E
A N E I T E N S I S
E A R N E S T E S T

Word Description & reference
scapharcae adj. specific epithet of bacterium name Ornithinibacillus scapharcae [1]
cerrateana adj. specific epithet of a plant name Pitcairnia cerrateana [2]
argoletier noun (obsolete, military) a light mounted soldier; a mounted bowman [3]
procolicin noun a propeptide form of colicin [4]
haloborate noun a type of inorganic compound [5]
atelomeres adj. specific epithet of moth name Ectropis atelomeres [2]
retirement noun withdrawal from one's position or occupation or from active working life [6]
caicarense adj. specific epithet of plant name Machaerium caicarense [2]
aneitensis adj. specific epithet of tree fern name Alsophila aneitensis [2]
earnestest adj. (now rare) superlative form of earnest [7]

References:

  1. Shin, NR, et al. (2012). Ornithinibacillus scapharcae sp. nov., isolated from a dead ark clam. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 101(1), 147-154. doi:10.1007/s10482-011-9645-3.
  2. Catalogue of Life Checklist (2023). Retrieved March 26, 2023, from https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/download.
  3. Wiktionary. (2022). argoletier. Retrieved May 6, 2023, from https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/argoletier.
  4. Horn, N., Fernández, A., Dodd, H.M., Gasson, M.J., Rodríguez, J.M. (2004). Nisin-controlled production of pediocin PA-1 and colicin V in nisin- and non-nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strains. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(8), 5030-5032. doi: 10.1128/AEM.70.8.5030-5032.2004.
  5. Ahmed, I. Y., & Schmulbach, C. D. (1969). Conductance of some haloborate and boronium salts in acetonitrile at 25.deg. Inorganic Chemistry, 8(7), 1411-1413. doi:10.1021/ic50077a008
  6. Merriam-Webster. (2023). Retirement. Retrieved May 6, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/retirement
  7. Wiktionary. (2022). earnestest. Retrieved May 6, 2023, from https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/earnestest

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algorithm for word square construction and the first proper English 10-square

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