Command Utils

Some useful commands if you are not that familiar with linux and just want to setup a new linux server

Note

All commands are only tested on a Debian 12 machine
so they might not work if you are using a different operating system

Table of contents

• Basics
• Nginx
• Certbot (For-HTTPS)
• Compress folders
• Upload a file to another server

Basics

Show running prozesses and RAM, CPU ... usage

Is equivalent to the windows task manager

htop

Navigate to a directory

cd <path>

You can use cd .. to go to the parent diretory / go back

Create a directory

mkdir <name>

Delete a file

You can use rm -r to delete a directory recursively

rm <file-name>

View a file

cat <file-name>

Create a file

touch <file-name>

Copy a file/directory

cp -r /path/ /new/path/

Nginx

Install

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx

Start

sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx

Status

sudo systemctl status nginx

Restart

sudo systemctl restart nginx

Certbot

For a https connection

Install

sudo apt update
sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx

Add a domain and get a certificate for it

Important The domain must point to your root servers IP

sudo certbot --nginx -d yourdomain.com

Compress folders

Compress files/folders to a tar.gz file

One folder

tar -czvf archive.tar.gz /path/to/folder

Multiple folders

tar -czvf archive.tar.gz /path/to/folder1 /path/to/folder2 /path/to/folder3

Exctract files/folders from tar.gz file

tar -xzf archive.tar.gz

Upload file

In this example we are using the generated tar.gz

Note

You need the password for the <DestinationServerIP> to upload the file

scp -r /path/archive.tar.gz root@DestinationServerIP:/path

Install JDK 21

wget https://download.oracle.com/java/21/latest/jdk-21_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz 
tar -xvf jdk-21_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz 
mv jdk-21.0.6/ /opt/

sudo nano /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh

Add lines:

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk-21.0.6
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

Close & save file

source /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh

Install JDK 25

wget https://download.oracle.com/java/25/archive/jdk-25.0.1_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz
tar -xvf jdk-25.0.1_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz
mv jdk-25.0.1/ /opt/
sudo nano /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh

Add lines:

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk-25.0.1
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

source /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh