printf()

This printf project is a collaboration between Samuel Iwelumo and Aina Jesulayomi, students of Software Engineering at ALX Africa, where a function named "_printf" imitates the actual "printf" command located in the stdio.h library. It contains some of the basic features and functions found in the manual 3 of "printf" as well as some custom specifiers..

_printf() is a function that performs formatted output conversion and print data. Its prototype is the following:

int _printf(const char *format, ...);

Where format contains the string that is printed. As _printf() is variadic function, it can receive n arguments that replace by n tags written inside the string.

The format tags prototype is the following:

%[flags][length]specifier

If the program runs successfully, the return value is the amount of chars printed.

Specifier	Output
c	Character
d or i	Signed decimal integer
s	String of characters
b	Signed binary
o	Signed octal
u	Unsigned integer
x	Unsigned hexadecimal
X	Unsigned hexadecimal (uppercase)
p	Pointer address
r	Reverse string of characters
R	ROT13 translation of string
S	String with special chars replaced by their ASCII value
%	Character

Flags	Description	Specifiers
+	Prints a plus sign (+) when the argument is a positive number. In other case, prints a minus sign (-).	i, d
(space)	Prints a blank space if the argument is a positive number	i, d
#	Prints 0, 0x and 0X for o, x and X specifiers, respectively. It doesn't print anything if the argument is zero	o, x, X

Length	Description	Specifiers
l	Prints a long int or unsigned long int	i, d, o, u, x and X
h	Prints a short int or unsigned short int	i, d, o, u, x and X

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Examples

1. Printing the string of chars "Hello, Holberton":

   • Use: _printf("Hello Wo%s.", "rld");
   • Output: Hello World.

2. Printing an integer number:

   • Use: _printf("10 + 10 is equal to %d.", 20);
   • Output: 10 + 10 is equal to 20.

3. Printing a binary, octal and hexadecimal:

   • Use: _printf("10 in binary is [%b], in octal is [%o] and in hexadecimal is [%x]", 5, 5, 5);
   • Output: 10 in binary is [1010], in octal is [12] and in hexadecimal is [A]

4. Printing a string codified in ROT13:

   • Use: _printf("Hello in ROT13 is %R", "Hello");
   • Output: Hello in ROT13 is Urybb

Using flags and length tags:

5. Printing the string of chars "Hello, World":

   • Use: _printf("2 * 2 = %+d and 5 * -5 = %+i", 4, -25);
   • Output: 2 * 2 = +4 and 5 * -5 = -25

6. Printing a long integer number and short integer number:

   • Use: _printf("1 million as a long int is %ld, but as a short int is %hd", 1000000, 1000000);
   • Output: 1 million as a long int is 1000000, but as a short int is 16960

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Prototypes

int print_addr(va_list);
int print_bin(va_list);
int print_char(va_list);
int print_hash_HEX(va_list);
int print_hash_hex(va_list);
int print_hash_octal(va_list);
int print_HEX(long int, unsigned int, unsigned int);
int print_long_number(va_list);
int print_long_octal(va_list);
int print_long_unsigned_HEX(va_list);
int print_long_unsigned_dec(va_list);
int print_long_unsigned_hex(va_list);
int print_number(va_list);
int print_octal(va_list);
int print_percent(va_list);
int print_plus_number(va_list);
int print_rev(va_list);
int print_rot13(va_list);
int print_short_number(va_list);
int print_short_octal(va_list);
int print_short_unsigned_HEX(va_list);
int print_short_unsigned_dec(va_list);
int print_short_unsigned_hex(va_list);
int print_space_number(va_list);
int print_str(va_list);
int print_STR(va_list);
int print_unsigned_HEX(va_list);
int print_unsigned_dec(va_list);
int print_unsigned_hex(va_list);

File Functions

_printf()

Own Printf Function Tha Performs Formatted Output Conversion And Print Data.

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main.h

Header File Were All Prototypes Are Saved.

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get_func()

Pointer To A Function That Selects The Correct Function To Perform The Operation.

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_putchar()

Function That writes a single character to stdout

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print_char()

Function That Writes The Character C To Stdout.

/* Identifier : %c */

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print_str()

Function That Writes The String To Stdout.

/* Identifier : %s */

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print_number()

Function That Prints An Integer.

/* Identifier : %i or %d */

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print_bin()

Function That Prints Decimal In Binary.

/* Identifier : %b */

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print_octal()

Function That Prints Decimal In Octal.

/* Identifier : %o */

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print_unsigned_hex()

Function That Prints Decimal In Hexadecimal.

/* Identifier : %x */

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print_unsigned_HEX()

Function That Prints Decimal In Uppercase Hexadecimal.

/* Identifier : %X */

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print_STR()

Function That Prints A String And Values Of Non-Printed Chars.

/* Identifier : %S */

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print_unsigned_dec()

Function That Prints An Unsigned Integer.

/* Identifier : %u */

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print_rev()

Function That Writes The String To Stdout In Reverse.

/* Identifier : %r */

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print_rot13()

Function That Writes The String To Stdout In Rot13.

/* Identifier : %R */

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print_addr()

Function That Prints The Address Of An Input Variable.

/* Identifier : %p */

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print_long_octal()

Function That Prints Long Decimal Number In Octal.

/* Identifier : %lo */

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print_long_unsigned_hex()

Function That Prints Long Decimal Number In Hexadecimal.

/* Identifier : %lx */

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print_long_number()

Function That Prints A Long Integer.

/* Identifier : %li */

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print_long_unsigned_HEX()

Function That Prints A Long Decimal In Uppercase Hexadecimal.

/* Identifier : %lX */

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print_long_unsigned_dec()

Function That Prints A Long Unsigned Integer.

/* Identifier : %lu */

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print_short_octal()

Function That Prints Short Decimal Number In Octal.

/* Identifier : %ho */

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print_short_unsigned_hex()

Function That Prints Short Decimal Number In Hexadecimal.

/* Identifier : %hx */

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print_short_number()

Function That Prints A Short Integer.

/* Identifier : %hi */

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print_short_unsigned_HEX()

Function That Prints A Short Decimal In Uppercase Hexadecimal.

/* Identifier : %hX */

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print_short_unsigned_dec()

Function That Prints A Short Unsigned Integer.

/* Identifier : %hu */

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print_hash_hex()

Function That Print A Number In Hexadecimal Begining With 0 And x.

/* Identifier : %#x */

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print_hash_oct()

Function That Prints A Number In Octal Begining With 0 And o.

/* Identifier : %#o */

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print_hash_HEX()

Function That Prints A Number In Uppercase Hexadecimal.

/* Identifier : %#X */

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print_plus_number()

Function That Prints An Integer With Plus Symbol.

/* Identifier : %+i */

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print_space_number()

Function That Prints An Integer Begining With 0 And u.

/* Identifier : % i */

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get_nflags()

Function That Returns The Amount Of Identifiers.

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Authors

Samuel Iwelumo and Aina Jesulayomi

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