style: use f-strings to format str

.docs/conf.py

@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@
 with open(rst_name, "w") as f:
     for line in lines:
         if line.startswith("**Documentation for version"):
-            line = "**Documentation for version {}".format(__version__)
+            line = f"**Documentation for version {__version__}"
             if rc_text != "":
-                line += " --- {}".format(rc_text)
+                line += f" --- {rc_text}"
             line += "**\n"
         f.write(line)
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
             )
             authors = __author__.split(sep=",")
             for author in authors:
-                line += " * {}\n".format(author.strip())
+                line += f" * {author.strip()}\n"
             line += " * and others\n\n"
             f.write(line)
         elif line.startswith(tag_end):
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
 
 # -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
 project = "flopy Documentation"
-copyright = "2021, {}".format(__author__)
+copyright = f"2021, {__author__}"
 author = __author__
 
 # The version.

.docs/create_rstfiles.py

@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
 def create_section(f, title, filenames, upper_case=False):
     if upper_case:
         title = title.upper()
-    title = "{} Tutorials".format(title)
-    line = "{}\n".format(title) + len(title) * "-" + "\n\n"
+    title = f"{title} Tutorials"
+    line = f"{title}\n" + len(title) * "-" + "\n\n"
     line += "Contents:\n\n.. toctree::\n   :maxdepth: 2\n\n"
     for filename in filenames:
-        line += "   _notebooks/{}\n".format(filename)
+        line += f"   _notebooks/{filename}\n"
     line += "\n\n"
     f.write(line)
 

.docs/create_tutorials.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def create_notebooks():
     # copy the python files
     for src in py_files:
         dst = os.path.join(wpth, os.path.basename(src))
-        print("{} -> {}".format(src, dst))
+        print(f"{src} -> {dst}")
         shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
 
     # create and run notebooks

.docs/pysrc/tutorial1.py

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 import flopy.utils.binaryfile as bf
 
 plt.subplot(1, 1, 1, aspect="equal")
-hds = bf.HeadFile(modelname + ".hds")
+hds = bf.HeadFile(f"{modelname}.hds")
 head = hds.get_data(totim=1.0)
 levels = np.arange(1, 10, 1)
 extent = (delr / 2.0, Lx - delc / 2.0, Ly - delc / 2.0, delc / 2.0)
@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@
 fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
 ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, aspect="equal")
 
-hds = bf.HeadFile(modelname + ".hds")
+hds = bf.HeadFile(f"{modelname}.hds")
 times = hds.get_times()
 head = hds.get_data(totim=times[-1])
 levels = np.linspace(0, 10, 11)
 
-cbb = bf.CellBudgetFile(modelname + ".cbc")
+cbb = bf.CellBudgetFile(f"{modelname}.cbc")
 kstpkper_list = cbb.get_kstpkper()
 frf = cbb.get_data(text="FLOW RIGHT FACE", totim=times[-1])[0]
 fff = cbb.get_data(text="FLOW FRONT FACE", totim=times[-1])[0]

.docs/pysrc/tutorial2.py

@@ -124,9 +124,9 @@
 import flopy.utils.binaryfile as bf
 
 # Create the headfile and budget file objects
-headobj = bf.HeadFile(modelname + ".hds")
+headobj = bf.HeadFile(f"{modelname}.hds")
 times = headobj.get_times()
-cbb = bf.CellBudgetFile(modelname + ".cbc")
+cbb = bf.CellBudgetFile(f"{modelname}.cbc")
 
 # Setup contour parameters
 levels = np.linspace(0, 10, 11)
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
     # Create the plot
     f = plt.figure()
     plt.subplot(1, 1, 1, aspect="equal")
-    plt.title("stress period " + str(iplot + 1))
+    plt.title(f"stress period {iplot + 1}")
 
     modelmap = flopy.plot.PlotMapView(model=mf, layer=0)
     qm = modelmap.plot_ibound()
@@ -181,13 +181,13 @@
         zorder=9,
     )
     plt.text(wpt[0] + 25, wpt[1] - 25, "well", size=12, zorder=12)
-    plt.savefig("tutorial2-{}.png".format(iplot))
+    plt.savefig(f"tutorial2-{iplot}.png")
 
 # Plot the head versus time
 idx = (0, int(nrow / 2) - 1, int(ncol / 2) - 1)
 ts = headobj.get_ts(idx)
 plt.subplot(1, 1, 1)
-ttl = "Head at cell ({0},{1},{2})".format(idx[0] + 1, idx[1] + 1, idx[2] + 1)
+ttl = f"Head at cell ({idx[0] + 1},{idx[1] + 1},{idx[2] + 1})"
 plt.title(ttl)
 plt.xlabel("time")
 plt.ylabel("head")

autotest/autotest_notebooks.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def run_notebook(dpth, fn):
     )
     print(" ".join(arg))
     ival = os.system(" ".join(arg))
-    assert ival == 0, "could not run {}".format(fn)
+    assert ival == 0, f"could not run {fn}"
 
 
 def test_notebooks():

autotest/autotest_scripts.py

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def copy_scripts(src_dir, dst_dir, include_subdir=False):
         dst = os.path.join(dst_dir, os.path.basename(src))
 
         # copy script
-        print("copying {} from {} to {}".format(filename, filedir, testdir))
+        print(f"copying {filename} from {filedir} to {testdir}")
         shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
 
     return [os.path.basename(filepath) for filepath in files]
@@ -77,29 +77,29 @@ def run_scripts(fn, testdir):
 
     # change to working directory
     opth = os.getcwd()
-    print('changing to working directory "{}"'.format(testdir))
+    print(f'changing to working directory "{testdir}"')
     os.chdir(testdir)
 
     # run the script
     ival = run()
 
     # change back to starting directory
-    print('changing back to starting directory "{}"'.format(opth))
+    print(f'changing back to starting directory "{opth}"')
     os.chdir(opth)
 
     # make sure script ran successfully
-    assert ival == 0, "could not run {}".format(fn)
+    assert ival == 0, f"could not run {fn}"
 
 
 def run_tutorial_scripts(fn, testdir):
     args = ("python", fn)
-    print("running...'{}'".format(" ".join(args)))
+    print(f"running...'{' '.join(args)}'")
     proc = Popen(args, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE, cwd=testdir)
     stdout, stderr = proc.communicate()
     if stdout:
         print(stdout.decode("utf-8"))
     if stderr:
-        print("Errors:\n{}".format(stderr.decode("utf-8")))
+        print(f"Errors:\n{stderr.decode('utf-8')}")
 
     return
 

autotest/get_exes.py

@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@
 if dotlocal:
     bindir = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), ".local", "bin")
     bindir = os.path.abspath(bindir)
-    print("bindir: {}".format(bindir))
+    print(f"bindir: {bindir}")
     if not os.path.isdir(bindir):
         os.makedirs(bindir)
 
 # write where the executables will be downloaded
-print('modflow executables will be downloaded to:\n\n    "{}"'.format(bindir))
+print(f'modflow executables will be downloaded to:\n\n    "{bindir}"')
 
 
 def get_branch():
@@ -97,13 +97,13 @@ def move_exe():
             continue
         src = os.path.join(exe_pth, file)
         dst = os.path.join(bindir, file)
-        print("moving {} -> {}".format(src, dst))
+        print(f"moving {src} -> {dst}")
         shutil.move(src, dst)
     return
 
 
 def list_exes():
-    cmd = "ls -l {}".format(bindir)
+    cmd = f"ls -l {bindir}"
     os.system(cmd)
     return
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ def test_download_nightly_build():
 
     # get the current branch
     branch = get_branch()
-    print("current branch: {}".format(branch))
+    print(f"current branch: {branch}")
 
     # No need to replace MODFLOW 6 executables
     if branch == "master":

autotest/t004_test_utilarray.py

@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ def stress_util2d(ml, nlay, nrow, ncol):
     # save hk up one dir from model_ws
     fnames = []
     for i, h in enumerate(hk):
-        fname = os.path.join(out_dir, "test_{0}.ref".format(i))
+        fname = os.path.join(out_dir, f"test_{i}.ref")
         fnames.append(fname)
         np.savetxt(fname, h, fmt="%15.6e", delimiter="")
         vk[i] = i + 1.0
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ def stress_util2d_for_joe_the_file_king(ml, nlay, nrow, ncol):
     # save hk up one dir from model_ws
     fnames = []
     for i, h in enumerate(hk):
-        fname = os.path.join("test_{0}.ref".format(i))
+        fname = os.path.join(f"test_{i}.ref")
         fnames.append(fname)
         np.savetxt(fname, h, fmt="%15.6e", delimiter="")
         vk[i] = i + 1.0
@@ -746,7 +746,7 @@ def test_mflist():
             .to_records(index=True)
             .astype(data.dtype)
         )
-        errmsg = "data not equal:\n  {}\n  {}".format(dfdata, data)
+        errmsg = f"data not equal:\n  {dfdata}\n  {data}"
         assert np.array_equal(dfdata, data), errmsg
 
     m4ds = ml.wel.stress_period_data.masked_4D_arrays

autotest/t005_test.py

@@ -40,17 +40,17 @@ def test_modflow_unstructured():
 
     # write well file
     wel.write_file()
-    assert os.path.isfile(os.path.join(cpth, "{}.wel".format(mf.name))) is True
+    assert os.path.isfile(os.path.join(cpth, f"{mf.name}.wel")) is True
     wel2 = flopy.modflow.ModflowWel.load(
-        os.path.join(cpth, "{}.wel".format(mf.name)), mf
+        os.path.join(cpth, f"{mf.name}.wel"), mf
     )
     assert wel2.stress_period_data[0] == wel.stress_period_data[0]
 
     # write ghb file
     ghb.write_file(check=False)
-    assert os.path.isfile(os.path.join(cpth, "{}.ghb".format(mf.name))) is True
+    assert os.path.isfile(os.path.join(cpth, f"{mf.name}.ghb")) is True
     ghb2 = flopy.modflow.ModflowGhb.load(
-        os.path.join(cpth, "{}.ghb".format(mf.name)), mf
+        os.path.join(cpth, f"{mf.name}.ghb"), mf
     )
     assert ghb2.stress_period_data[0] == ghb.stress_period_data[0]
 

autotest/t006_test.py

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ def test_cbc_ts():
     )
     zobj = flopy.utils.CellBudgetFile(fpth, precision="single")
     ts = zobj.get_ts(text="ZETASRF  1", idx=(0, 0, 24))
-    errtxt = "shape of zeta timeseries is {} not (4, 2)".format(ts.shape)
+    errtxt = f"shape of zeta timeseries is {ts.shape} not (4, 2)"
     assert ts.shape == (4, 2), errtxt