Advanced-web-programming

HTML

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, which is the most widely used language on Web to develop web pages. HTML was created by Berners-Lee in late 1991 but "HTML 2.0" was the first standard HTML specification which was published in 1995. HTML 4.01 was a major version of HTML and it was published in late 1999. Though HTML 4.01 version is widely used but currently we are having HTML-5 version which is an extension to HTML 4.01, and this version was published in 2012.

Why to Learn HTML?

Originally, HTML was developed with the intent of defining the structure of documents like headings, paragraphs, lists, and so forth to facilitate the sharing of scientific information between researchers. Now, HTML is being widely used to format web pages with the help of different tags available in HTML language.

HTML is a MUST for students and working professionals to become a great Software Engineer specially when they are working in Web Development Domain. I will list down some of the key advantages of learning HTML:

1. Create Web site - You can create a website or customize an existing web template if you know HTML well.
2. Become a web designer - If you want to start a carrer as a professional web designer, HTML and CSS designing is a must skill.
3. Understand web - If you want to optimize your website, to boost its speed and performance, it is good to know HTML to yield best results.
4. Learn other languages - Once you understands the basic of HTML then other related technologies like javascript, php, or angular are become easier to understand.

CSS

What is CSS?

1. CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
2. CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media
3. CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once
4. External stylesheets are stored in CSS files

CSS Solved a Big Problem?

HTML was NEVER intended to contain tags for formatting a web page!

HTML was created to describe the content of a web page.

When tags like font, and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2 specification, it started a nightmare for web developers. Development of large websites, where fonts and color information were added to every single page, became a long and expensive process.

To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created CSS.

CSS removed the style formatting from the HTML page!

Xml

What is xml?

1. Xml (eXtensible Markup Language) is a mark up language.
2. XML is designed to store and transport data.
3. Xml was released in late 90’s. it was created to provide an easy to use and store self describing data.
4. XML became a W3C Recommendation on February 10, 1998.
5. XML is not a replacement for HTML.
6. XML is designed to be self-descriptive.
7. XML is designed to carry data, not to display data.
8. XML tags are not predefined. You must define your own tags.
9. XML is platform independent and language independent.

Note: Self-describing data is the data that describes both its content and structure.

What is mark-up language?

A mark up language is a modern system for highlight or underline a document. Students often underline or highlight a passage to revise easily, same in the sense of modern mark up language highlighting or underlining is replaced by tags.

Why xml?

Platform Independent and Language Independent: The main benefit of xml is that you can use it to take data from a program like Microsoft SQL, convert it into XML then share that XML with other programs and platforms. You can communicate between two platforms which are generally very difficult.

The main thing which makes XML truly powerful is its international acceptance. Many corporation use XML interfaces for databases, programming, office application mobile phones and more. It is due to its platform independent feature.

Php

What is PHP?

1. PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"
2. PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language
3. PHP scripts are executed on the server
4. PHP is free to download and use

What is a PHP File?

1. PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code
2. PHP code is executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as plain HTML
3. PHP files have extension ".php"

What Can PHP Do?

1. PHP can generate dynamic page content
2. PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server
3. PHP can collect form data
4. PHP can send and receive cookies
5. PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
6. PHP can be used to control user-access
7. PHP can encrypt data With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images, PDF files, and even Flash movies. You can also output any text, such as XHTML and XML.

Bootstrap

What is Bootstrap?

Bootstrap is the most popular HTML, CSS and JavaScript framework for developing a responsive and mobile friendly website.

1. It is absolutely free to download and use.
2. It is a front-end framework used for easier and faster web development.
3. It includes HTML and CSS based design templates for typography, forms, buttons, tables, navigation, modals, image carousels and many others.
4. It can also use JavaScript plug-ins.
5. It facilitates you to create responsive designs.

Why use Bootstrap?

Following are the main advantage of Bootstrap:

1. It is very easy to use. Anybody having basic knowledge of HTML and CSS can use Bootstrap.
2. It facilitates users to develop a responsive website.
3. It is compatible on most of browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari and Opera etc.

What is a responsive website?

A website is called responsive website which can automatically adjust itself to look good on all devices, from smart phones to desktops etc.

What Bootstrap package contains?

1. Scaffolding: Bootstrap provides a basic structure with Grid System, link styles, and background.
2. CSS: Bootstrap comes with the feature of global CSS settings, fundamental HTML elements style and an advanced grid system.
3. Components: Bootstrap contains a lot of reusable components built to provide iconography, dropdowns, navigation, alerts, pop-overs, and much more.
4. JavaScript Plugins: Bootstrap also contains a lot of custom jQuery plugins. You can easily include them all, or one by one.
5. Customize: Bootstrap components are customizable and you can customize Bootstrap's components, LESS variables, and jQuery plugins to get your own style.