repl: remove dependency on domain module

Replace the domain-based error handling with AsyncLocalStorage and
setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback. This removes the REPL's dependency
on the deprecated domain module while preserving all existing behavior:

- Synchronous errors during eval are caught and displayed
- Async errors (setTimeout, promises, etc.) are caught via the
  uncaught exception capture callback
- Top-level await errors are caught and displayed
- The REPL continues operating after errors
- Multiple REPL instances can coexist with errors routed correctly

Changes:
- Use AsyncLocalStorage to track which REPL instance owns an async
  context, replacing domain's automatic async tracking
- Add setupExceptionCapture() to install
  setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback for catching async errors and
  routing them to the correct REPL
- Extract error handling logic into REPLServer.prototype._handleError()
- Wrap eval execution in replContext.run() for async context tracking
- Update newListener protection to check AsyncLocalStorage context
- Throw ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE if options.domain is passed

PR-URL: #61227
Reviewed-By: Yagiz Nizipli <yagiz@nizipli.com>
Reviewed-By: Marco Ippolito <marcoippolito54@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Rafael Gonzaga <rafael.nunu@hotmail.com>

Author: mcollina

doc/api/process.md

@@ -736,6 +736,44 @@ generate a core file.
 
 This feature is not available in [`Worker`][] threads.
 
+## `process.addUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback(fn)`
+
+<!-- YAML
+added: REPLACEME
+-->
+
+> Stability: 1 - Experimental
+
+* `fn` {Function}
+
+The `process.addUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback()` function adds a callback
+that will be invoked when an uncaught exception occurs, receiving the exception
+value as its first argument.
+
+Unlike [`process.setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback()`][], this function allows
+multiple callbacks to be registered and does not conflict with the
+[`domain`][] module. Callbacks are called in reverse order of registration
+(most recent first). If a callback returns `true`, subsequent callbacks
+and the default uncaught exception handling are skipped.
+
+```mjs
+import process from 'node:process';
+
+process.addUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback((err) => {
+  console.error('Caught exception:', err.message);
+  return true; // Indicates exception was handled
+});
+```
+
+```cjs
+const process = require('node:process');
+
+process.addUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback((err) => {
+  console.error('Caught exception:', err.message);
+  return true; // Indicates exception was handled
+});
+```
+
 ## `process.allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -4015,6 +4053,11 @@ This implies calling `module.setSourceMapsSupport()` with an option
 
 <!-- YAML
 added: v9.3.0
+changes:
+  - version: REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/61227
+    description: Use `process.addUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback()` to
+      register multiple callbacks.
 -->
 
 * `fn` {Function|null}
@@ -4034,8 +4077,8 @@ To unset the capture function,
 method with a non-`null` argument while another capture function is set will
 throw an error.
 
-Using this function is mutually exclusive with using the deprecated
-[`domain`][] built-in module.
+To register multiple callbacks that can coexist, use
+[`process.addUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback()`][] instead.
 
 ## `process.sourceMapsEnabled`
 
@@ -4567,6 +4610,7 @@ cases:
 [`net.Socket`]: net.md#class-netsocket
 [`os.constants.dlopen`]: os.md#dlopen-constants
 [`postMessageToThread()`]: worker_threads.md#worker_threadspostmessagetothreadthreadid-value-transferlist-timeout
+[`process.addUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback()`]: #processadduncaughtexceptioncapturecallbackfn
 [`process.argv`]: #processargv
 [`process.config`]: #processconfig
 [`process.execPath`]: #processexecpath

lib/domain.js

@@ -40,14 +40,11 @@ const {
   ReflectApply,
   SafeMap,
   SafeWeakMap,
-  StringPrototypeRepeat,
   Symbol,
 } = primordials;
 
 const EventEmitter = require('events');
 const {
-  ERR_DOMAIN_CALLBACK_NOT_AVAILABLE,
-  ERR_DOMAIN_CANNOT_SET_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTION_CAPTURE,
   ERR_UNHANDLED_ERROR,
 } = require('internal/errors').codes;
 const { createHook } = require('async_hooks');
@@ -119,22 +116,9 @@ const asyncHook = createHook({
   },
 });
 
-// When domains are in use, they claim full ownership of the
-// uncaught exception capture callback.
-if (process.hasUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback()) {
-  throw new ERR_DOMAIN_CALLBACK_NOT_AVAILABLE();
-}
-
-// Get the stack trace at the point where `domain` was required.
-// eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
-const domainRequireStack = new Error('require(`domain`) at this point').stack;
-
+// Domain uses the stacking capability of setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback
+// to coexist with other callbacks (e.g., REPL).
 const { setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback } = process;
-process.setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback = function(fn) {
-  const err = new ERR_DOMAIN_CANNOT_SET_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTION_CAPTURE();
-  err.stack += `\n${StringPrototypeRepeat('-', 40)}\n${domainRequireStack}`;
-  throw err;
-};
 
 
 let sendMakeCallbackDeprecation = false;

lib/internal/bootstrap/node.js

@@ -307,6 +307,7 @@ ObjectDefineProperty(process, 'features', {
   const {
     onGlobalUncaughtException,
     setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback,
+    addUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback,
     hasUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback,
   } = require('internal/process/execution');
 
@@ -319,6 +320,8 @@ ObjectDefineProperty(process, 'features', {
   process._fatalException = onGlobalUncaughtException;
   process.setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback =
     setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback;
+  process.addUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback =
+    addUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback;
   process.hasUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback =
     hasUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback;
 }

lib/internal/process/execution.js

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 'use strict';
 
 const {
+  ArrayPrototypePush,
   RegExpPrototypeExec,
   StringPrototypeIndexOf,
   StringPrototypeSlice,
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ const {
     ERR_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTION_CAPTURE_ALREADY_SET,
   },
 } = require('internal/errors');
+const { validateFunction } = require('internal/validators');
 const { pathToFileURL } = require('internal/url');
 const { exitCodes: { kGenericUserError } } = internalBinding('errors');
 const {
@@ -105,15 +107,18 @@ function evalScript(name, body, breakFirstLine, print, shouldLoadESM = false) {
 }
 
 const exceptionHandlerState = {
-  captureFn: null,
+  captureFn: null,           // Primary callback (for domain's exclusive use)
+  auxiliaryCallbacks: [],    // Auxiliary callbacks (for REPL, etc.) - always called
   reportFlag: false,
 };
 
 function setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback(fn) {
   if (fn === null) {
     exceptionHandlerState.captureFn = fn;
-    shouldAbortOnUncaughtToggle[0] = 1;
-    process.report.reportOnUncaughtException = exceptionHandlerState.reportFlag;
+    if (exceptionHandlerState.auxiliaryCallbacks.length === 0) {
+      shouldAbortOnUncaughtToggle[0] = 1;
+      process.report.reportOnUncaughtException = exceptionHandlerState.reportFlag;
+    }
     return;
   }
   if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
@@ -129,6 +134,21 @@ function setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback(fn) {
   process.report.reportOnUncaughtException = false;
 }
 
+// Add an auxiliary callback that coexists with the primary callback.
+// Auxiliary callbacks are called first; if any returns true, the error is handled.
+// Otherwise, the primary callback (if set) is called.
+function addUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback(fn) {
+  validateFunction(fn, 'fn');
+  if (exceptionHandlerState.auxiliaryCallbacks.length === 0 &&
+      exceptionHandlerState.captureFn === null) {
+    exceptionHandlerState.reportFlag =
+      process.report.reportOnUncaughtException === true;
+    process.report.reportOnUncaughtException = false;
+    shouldAbortOnUncaughtToggle[0] = 0;
+  }
+  ArrayPrototypePush(exceptionHandlerState.auxiliaryCallbacks, fn);
+}
+
 function hasUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback() {
   return exceptionHandlerState.captureFn !== null;
 }
@@ -154,21 +174,33 @@ function createOnGlobalUncaughtException() {
 
     const type = fromPromise ? 'unhandledRejection' : 'uncaughtException';
     process.emit('uncaughtExceptionMonitor', er, type);
+    // Primary callback (e.g., domain) has priority and always handles the exception
     if (exceptionHandlerState.captureFn !== null) {
       exceptionHandlerState.captureFn(er);
-    } else if (!process.emit('uncaughtException', er, type)) {
-      // If someone handled it, then great. Otherwise, die in C++ land
-      // since that means that we'll exit the process, emit the 'exit' event.
-      try {
-        if (!process._exiting) {
-          process._exiting = true;
-          process.exitCode = kGenericUserError;
-          process.emit('exit', kGenericUserError);
+    } else {
+      // If no primary callback, try auxiliary callbacks (e.g., REPL)
+      // They must return true to indicate handling
+      let handled = false;
+      for (let i = exceptionHandlerState.auxiliaryCallbacks.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        if (exceptionHandlerState.auxiliaryCallbacks[i](er) === true) {
+          handled = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (!handled && !process.emit('uncaughtException', er, type)) {
+        // If someone handled it, then great. Otherwise, die in C++ land
+        // since that means that we'll exit the process, emit the 'exit' event.
+        try {
+          if (!process._exiting) {
+            process._exiting = true;
+            process.exitCode = kGenericUserError;
+            process.emit('exit', kGenericUserError);
+          }
+        } catch {
+          // Nothing to be done about it at this point.
         }
-      } catch {
-        // Nothing to be done about it at this point.
+        return false;
       }
-      return false;
     }
 
     // If we handled an error, then make sure any ticks get processed
@@ -477,5 +509,6 @@ module.exports = {
   evalScript,
   onGlobalUncaughtException: createOnGlobalUncaughtException(),
   setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback,
+  addUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback,
   hasUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback,
 };