GHSA-96wq-48vp-hh57: [metaphone] Fix signed integer overflow of char array offset

Fixes GHSA-96wq-48vp-hh57
Fixes CVE-2026-7568

Author: TimWolla

ext/standard/metaphone.c

@@ -117,10 +117,10 @@ static const char _codes[26] =
 
 /* Allows us to safely look ahead an arbitrary # of letters */
 /* I probably could have just used strlen... */
-static char Lookahead(char *word, int how_far)
+static char Lookahead(char *word, size_t how_far)
 {
 	char letter_ahead = '\0';	/* null by default */
-	int idx;
+	size_t idx;
 	for (idx = 0; word[idx] != '\0' && idx < how_far; idx++);
 	/* Edge forward in the string... */
 
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ static char Lookahead(char *word, int how_far)
 /* {{{ metaphone */
 static void metaphone(unsigned char *word, size_t word_len, zend_long max_phonemes, zend_string **phoned_word, int traditional)
 {
-	int w_idx = 0;				/* point in the phonization we're at. */
+	size_t w_idx = 0;				/* point in the phonization we're at. */
 	size_t p_idx = 0;				/* end of the phoned phrase */
 	size_t max_buffer_len = 0;		/* maximum length of the destination buffer */
 	ZEND_ASSERT(word != NULL);

ext/standard/tests/GHSA-96wq-48vp-hh57.phpt

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+--TEST--
+GHSA-96wq-48vp-hh57: signed integer overflow of char array offset
+--CREDITS--
+012git012
+--INI--
+memory_limit=3G
+--SKIPIF--
+<?php
+if (!getenv('RUN_RESOURCE_HEAVY_TESTS')) die('skip resource-heavy test');
+if (getenv('SKIP_SLOW_TESTS')) die('skip slow test');
+if (PHP_INT_SIZE != 8) echo 'skip 64-bit only';
+?>
+--FILE--
+<?php
+
+$str = str_repeat('0', 2 * (1024 ** 3) - 2) . 'AE';
+metaphone($str, 1);
+
+?>
+===DONE===
+--EXPECT--
+===DONE===