[PHP 8.5] add support for FILTER_THROW_ON_FAILURE for filter_var

[canvural]

Adds support for FILTER_THROW_ON_FAILURE for filter_var. There are still stuff I need to figure out:

• How to better test the throw type extension?
• Should we add the @throws tag to function in phpstorm-stubs repo? Or anywhere in PHPStan. Couldn't figure out how to conditionally add it only for PHP 8.5 in phpstorm-stubs repo.
• Combining FILTER_THROW_ON_FAILURE and FILTER_NULL_ON_FAILURE is not allowed. Should we have a new rule for that?

If anyone can help me with those questions, that'd be helpful!

[phpstan-bot]

This pull request has been marked as ready for review.

[ondrejmirtes]

How to better test the throw type extension?

If the current test fails when the src/ changes are reverted then I'm fine with it 😊 Another approach would be to add a test to the "catch unthrown exception" rule.

Should we add the @throws tag to function in phpstorm-stubs repo? Or anywhere in PHPStan. Couldn't figure out how to conditionally add it only for PHP 8.5 in phpstorm-stubs repo.

Thanks to the throw type extension, PHPStan doesn't need the PHPDoc. It might be a good idea to add it to phpstorm-stubs if you care about PhpStorm users separately 😊

Combining FILTER_THROW_ON_FAILURE and FILTER_NULL_ON_FAILURE is not allowed. Should we have a new rule for that?

You can in a new PR if you'd want.

Thank you!

[VincentLanglet]

I updated #4418 with this new flag.