bpo-44646: Fix the hash of the union type. (python#27179)

It no longer depends on the order of arguments.
hash(int | str) == hash(str | int)

Co-authored-by: Jack DeVries <58614260+jdevries3133@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: serhiy-storchaka

Lib/test/test_types.py

@@ -663,6 +663,10 @@ def test_or_types_operator(self):
             x.__args__ = [str, int]
             (int | str ) == x
 
+    def test_hash(self):
+        self.assertEqual(hash(int | str), hash(str | int))
+        self.assertEqual(hash(int | str), hash(typing.Union[int, str]))
+
     def test_instancecheck(self):
         x = int | str
         self.assertIsInstance(1, x)

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2021-07-16-09-59-13.bpo-44646.Yb6s05.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix the hash of the union type: it no longer depends on the order of
+arguments.

Objects/unionobject.c

@@ -36,11 +36,13 @@ static Py_hash_t
 union_hash(PyObject *self)
 {
     unionobject *alias = (unionobject *)self;
-    Py_hash_t h1 = PyObject_Hash(alias->args);
-    if (h1 == -1) {
-        return -1;
+    PyObject *args = PyFrozenSet_New(alias->args);
+    if (args == NULL) {
+        return (Py_hash_t)-1;
     }
-    return h1;
+    Py_hash_t hash = PyObject_Hash(args);
+    Py_DECREF(args);
+    return hash;
 }
 
 static int