GH-107463: Moved most extension modules to the pythoncore project file

[AraHaan]

For this I had to start with making the changes to the 3.11 branch, then a few additional changes in the 3.12 branch, before finally adding some minor fixups in the main branch due to the following:

• 3.12 added the _wmi c++ extension module (C++ 20 standard)
• 3.13 removed the _msi c extension module and project file (which means needing to remove it from config.c and from pythoncore.vcxproj when I open pr to main)

Note: I lack the ability to edit the build scripts for linux and macos building so someone would have to assist with bringing these changes to those scripts as well.

Also I would recommend making changes starting with whichever one is easier (the 3.11 version, the 3.12 version, or this version from main (3.13)).

• Issue: Consider moving the modules in sources to build within the pythoncore project itself. #107463

[AA-Turner]

I'm going to close this PR until there's consensus for this change on the linked issue (#107463). Feel free to continue experimenting on your fork!

A