Webpack to Vite

[seunomonije]

Resolves #7654, sunsetting Webpack support and introducing the more modern Vite as the core bundler for typescript in Cirq.

Implementation notes:

• Added a custom canvas polyfill in vitest.setup.ts, allowing for three.js to be tested without the browser environment. There have been discussions about this in Vite and external packages which could offer more context, but I opted to implement something custom considering that package deps have been pain point.
• Testing and coverage matches 1:1 with old test criteria
• We need to bump the node version up in the CI workflow to support more modern packages, bumped from v20 -> v22

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 99.38%. Comparing base (891e452) to head (665ea57).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #7687   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   99.38%   99.38%           
=======================================
  Files        1089     1089           
  Lines       97414    97414           
=======================================
  Hits        96812    96812           
  Misses        602      602           

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