docs: add comprehensive Python Lists chapter

docs/python/python-list.md

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+---
+id: python-list
+title: List in Python
+sidebar_label: List in Python #displays in sidebar
+sidebar_position: 8
+tags:
+  [
+    Python,
+    List in Python,
+    Introduction of python,
+    Python Syntax,
+    Variables,
+    Operators,
+    Type Casting,
+    String
+  ]
+
+---
+
+
+# Python Lists
+
+A **List** in Python is a data structure that allows you to store multiple items in a single variable. Lists are **ordered**, **mutable**, and **can contain elements of different data types**.
+
+
+## Creating a List
+
+You create a list using square brackets `[]`:
+
+```python
+# Empty List
+empty_list = []
+
+# List of Integers
+numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+
+# List of Strings
+fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
+
+# Mixed Data Types
+mixed = [1, "hello", 3.14, True]
+````
+
+
+
+## Indexing
+
+**Indexing** means accessing elements by their position.
+
+* Index starts from **0** in Python:
+
+```python
+fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
+
+print(fruits[0])  # apple
+print(fruits[1])  # banana
+print(fruits[2])  # cherry
+```
+
+* Negative indexing starts from the end:
+
+```python
+print(fruits[-1])  # cherry
+print(fruits[-2])  # banana
+print(fruits[-3])  # apple
+```
+
+
+
+## Slicing
+
+**Slicing** lets you extract a sublist:
+
+```python
+numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
+
+print(numbers[1:4])    # [20, 30, 40]
+print(numbers[:3])     # [10, 20, 30]
+print(numbers[2:])     # [30, 40, 50]
+print(numbers[-3:-1])  # [30, 40]
+```
+
+**Syntax:**
+
+```
+list[start:stop:step]
+```
+
+**Example with step:**
+
+```python
+print(numbers[::2])  # [10, 30, 50]
+```
+
+
+## Modifying Elements
+
+Lists are **mutable**, which means you can change their contents:
+
+```python
+fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
+fruits[1] = "mango"
+print(fruits)  # ['apple', 'mango', 'cherry']
+```
+
+
+## List Methods
+
+Python provides many built-in methods for lists:
+
+| Method         | Description                                           |
+| -------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
+| `append(x)`    | Adds an item to the end of the list                   |
+| `insert(i, x)` | Inserts an item at a specific index                   |
+| `extend(iter)` | Adds all elements from another iterable               |
+| `remove(x)`    | Removes the first occurrence of the item              |
+| `pop([i])`     | Removes and returns the item at the given index       |
+| `clear()`      | Removes all elements                                  |
+| `index(x)`     | Returns the index of the first occurrence of the item |
+| `count(x)`     | Counts how many times the item appears                |
+| `sort()`       | Sorts the list in ascending order                     |
+| `reverse()`    | Reverses the list                                     |
+| `copy()`       | Returns a shallow copy of the list                    |
+
+---
+
+### Examples
+
+#### append()
+
+```python
+nums = [1, 2, 3]
+nums.append(4)
+print(nums)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]
+```
+
+#### insert()
+
+```python
+nums.insert(1, 100)
+print(nums)  # [1, 100, 2, 3, 4]
+```
+
+#### extend()
+
+```python
+nums.extend([5, 6])
+print(nums)  # [1, 100, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+```
+
+#### remove() and pop()
+
+```python
+nums.remove(100)
+print(nums)  # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+
+nums.pop()   # Removes the last element
+print(nums)  # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+
+nums.pop(2)  # Removes index 2
+print(nums)  # [1, 2, 4, 5]
+```
+
+
+## Iterating Through a List
+
+**Using a for loop:**
+
+```python
+fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
+
+for item in fruits:
+    print(item)
+```
+
+**Output:**
+
+```
+apple
+banana
+cherry
+```
+
+**Using indices:**
+
+```python
+for i in range(len(fruits)):
+    print(i, fruits[i])
+```
+
+
+## Membership Test
+
+Check whether an item exists in the list:
+
+```python
+print("apple" in fruits)       # True
+print("mango" not in fruits)   # True
+```
+
+
+## Nested Lists
+
+Lists can contain other lists:
+
+```python
+matrix = [
+    [1, 2, 3],
+    [4, 5, 6],
+    [7, 8, 9]
+]
+
+print(matrix[0])       # [1, 2, 3]
+print(matrix[1][2])    # 6
+```
+
+
+## List Comprehensions
+
+A **concise way** to create new lists:
+
+```python
+squares = [x**2 for x in range(1, 6)]
+print(squares)  # [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
+```
+
+**With a condition:**
+
+```python
+even = [x for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0]
+print(even)  # [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
+```
+
+
+## Copying Lists
+
+Be careful! Assigning directly creates a reference:
+
+```python
+a = [1, 2, 3]
+b = a
+b.append(4)
+
+print(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]
+```
+
+To create an **independent copy:**
+
+```python
+c = a.copy()
+c.append(5)
+
+print(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]
+print(c)  # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+```
+
+
+## Conclusion
+
+Python Lists are a **powerful and flexible** data structure used everywhere—from collecting and processing data to building complex programs. Practice using list methods and experiment to become confident.

docs/python/setup-environment.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 id: setup-environment
 title: Setting up your development environment
 sidebar_label: Setting up environment
-sidebar_position: 8
+sidebar_position: 9
 tags:
   [
     html,