The Puzzle of Economic Development

This study investigates the relationship between Human Development Index (HDI) indicators and Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, exploring the impact of geography on development. Using the 2021 UNDP HDI dataset, visual inspection suggests an exponential link between GNI per capita and Life Expectancy. Multiple linear regression confirms significant correlations with Life Expectancy and Mean Years of Schooling. Principal Component Analysis reveals geographical influences. Evidence supports the hypothesis that a nation's economic development is influenced by its geography, with Asia and Africa generally ranking lower than Europe, America, or Australia. This study contributes insights into multidimensional aspects of economic development within a limited geographical scope.