On Windows, typically users set the git core.autocrlf=true option to checkout files with Windows-style line endings, but to checkin with Unix-style line endings.
The dump_preprocessed_input test validates that an output file __bindgen.ii contains an input file arg_keyword.hpp. However, __bindgen.ii is output with LF line endings, and so arg_keyword.hpp's contents do not match.
I've validated the test passes if you check out the repo with LF line endings.